Izinhlobo Zesistimu Yokuqoqwa Kwempahla: Yikuphi Okulungele Indawo Yakho?

Ama-warehouses ayinhliziyo eshayayo yezimboni ezingenakubalwa, ezisebenza njengezikhungo zemizwa zokuphathwa kwempahla, ukusatshalaliswa, nokugcinwa. Emhlabeni lapho ukusebenza kahle nokuhleleka kungenza noma kunqamuke ukusebenza, ukukhetha isistimu yamarakhi efanelekile yesikhungo sakho kubalulekile. Izinhlobo ezingenakubalwa zezinhlelo zokuqopha izimpahla ezitholakala namuhla zisho ukuthi kukhona ukulingana okuphelele kulo lonke uhlobo lokusungula, ukwakheka, kanye nesabelomali. Nokho, ukuzulazula kulezi zinketho kungaba nzima. Ukuthi i-warehouse yakho iminyene noma ibanzi, yenziwa ngesandla noma iyazenzakalela, ukuqonda izici ezibalulekile zamasistimu amarakhi ahlukene kuzokunika amandla okwenza utshalomali olunolwazi oluthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokuphepha.

Lesi sihloko sizohlola ezinye zezinhlelo ezivame kakhulu nezisebenza ngempumelelo ze-warehouse racking, ichaza izici zazo, izinzuzo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele. Ekugcineni, uzobe uhlome ngolwazi oludingekayo ukuze ukhethe isistimu yokurakhi eqondana kahle nezinjongo zakho zokusebenza kanye nemikhawulo yendawo, eguqula amandla akho okulondoloza futhi yenza kube lula ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi.

I-Pallet Racking ekhethiwe

I-pallet racking ekhethiwe ngokungangabazeki iwuhlelo lwamarakhi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina impahla emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokufinyeleleka kalula. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokubeka amafreyimu luqukethe amafreyimu aqondile asekela imishayo evundlile, edala amatheku angawodwana angama-pallet lapho amaphalethi angagcinwa khona ngokuqondile. Okwenza ukukhetha kwe-pallet racking kukhange ikakhulukazi idizayini yayo elula, evumela opharetha ukuthi bathole futhi babeke impahla kalula ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhambisa amanye amaphalethi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-pallet racking ekhethiwe ukuhambisana kwayo nama-forklift, okunikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kuwo wonke ama-pallet ohlelweni. Lokhu kufinyelela okungenamingcele kuhle kakhulu ezinqolobaneni ezilawula uhlu lwezimpahla ezinkulu zemikhiqizo eyahlukene noma ezisebenza ngokokuqala ngqa (FIFO) noma eyokuqala, neyokugcina (i-FILO). Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo okuqondile kanye nezinketho zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kuyenza ikhule, ifanele izindawo ezikhula ngokuhambisana nezidingo zazo ezikhulayo zokusungula.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenkathi i-pallet racking inikeza ukufinyeleleka, ingase ingakhulisi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala uma kuqhathaniswa namanye, amasistimu wokuqopha aminyene. Idinga amaphasishi acacile okuqondisa nge-forklift, okusho ukuthi indawo ethile yaphansi ye-warehouse inikezelwe emigwaqweni yethrafikhi kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukuhwebelana kusezingeni eliphezulu ekusebenzeni kahle ekukhetheni nasekubekeni isitoko ngoba ukufinyelela kwephalethi akuvinjwa. Ukuvumelana nezimo kwalolu hlelo kuphinde kuvumele ukungezwa kwezinsiza ezifana nokudekhiwa kwezintambo, izisekelo zephalethi, namabha okuphepha ukuze kukhuliswe izinketho zokuphepha nesitoreji ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokuphawulekayo isakhiwo esiyinhloko.

I-pallet racking isebenza kangcono kakhulu ezindaweni lapho uhla olubanzi lwama-SKU ludinga ukugcinwa ngokufinyeleleka okuvamile. Izibonelo zifaka izikhungo zokusabalalisa, izindawo zokudayisa, nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezidinga ukushintshwa kwesitoko njalo. Ibhalansi phakathi kokufinyeleleka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokuvamile yenza i-pallet ekhethiwe ibe yinketho ezenzakalelayo yezindawo eziningi zokugcina impahla eziqala ukusebenza kwazo noma lezo ezigcizelela ukuguquguquka.

I-Drive-In kanye ne-Drive-through Racking

Amasistimu ama-racking okushayela nokushayela aklanyelwe ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwesitoreji ngokunciphisa inani lamaphasishi adingekayo endaweni yokugcina impahla. Lezi zinhlelo zilungele ukugcina inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo efana ne-homogeneous, njengezinto eziyinqwaba noma amaphalethi e-inventory efanayo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili usekufinyeleleni: ama-rack-in racks anemizila yokufinyelela ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, kanti ama-drive-through racks ahlinzeka ngokufinyelela nhlangothi zombili.

Ezinhlelweni zokushayela, ama-forklift angena esakhiweni sokuqopha bese efaka amaphalethi eduze komzila ngaphakathi kwama-rack bays. Ama-pallets abekwe kuma-rails noma imishayo, okuvumela ukunqwabelana kujule ku-rack. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-forklift kumele afake ohlelweni ukuze agcine noma abuyise izimpahla, lesi sitayela sijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwempahla yokugcina ukungena, eyokuqala ukuphuma (LIFO). Ilungele imikhiqizo eneshelufu elide lokuphila noma izinto ezingadingi ukuzungezisa njalo.

I-Drive-through racking iyathuthuka kulokhu ngokuvumela ama-forklift ukuthi ashayele ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwerack ukuya kolunye, kube lula uhlelo lokungena kuqala, oluphuma kuqala (FIFO). Lokhu kusetha kuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kokuphathwa kwempahla, ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni ezibolayo noma izinto ezinedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi, lapho ukuhleleka kokusetshenziswa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Womabili amasistimu ahlinzeka ngokunyuka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwendawo njengoba ama-aisles ancishiswa futhi ama-pallets angagcinwa amaleveli amaningi ajulile. Kodwa-ke, badinga opharetha be-forklift abanekhono ukuze bazulazule kuma-rack ngokuphepha, njengoba ukulungiselelwa kwesitoreji kungaba yingozi kunezinhlelo ezikhethiwe ngokwemithelela yengozi noma ukulimala kwe-pallet. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukwakheka kwerack ukuqinisekisa umthamo womthwalo kanye namazinga okuphepha ayahlangatshezwana nawo.

Lezi zinketho zokulondoloza eziminyene zifanele izindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, izikhungo zokusabalalisa ukudla, kanye nezimboni ezinenqwaba yenqwaba lapho ukunyakaza kwama-SKU ngamanye kuhamba kancane. Imiklamo ye-drive-in kanye ne-drive-through inika amandla izinkampani ukuthi zikhulise i-cubic footage yazo ngenkathi zinciphisa indawo yokugcina impahla enikezelwe eziphasejini.

I-Push-Back Racking

I-Push-back racking inikezela ngenhlanganisela ephoqelelayo yesitoreji sokuminyana okuphezulu kanye nokufinyelela okulula, okuyenza idume ezindlini zokugcina impahla ezinokujula okumaphakathi kwephalethi kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhetha. Le sistimu isebenzisa ojantshi abathambekile abagibele ezinqoleni noma ezinqoleni ezingashelela eduze kohlaka lwerack. Ama-pallets alayishwa kusukela ngaphambili futhi "ahlehliselwa emuva" kuma-rails, okuvumela ama-pallets amaningi ukuba agcinwe emzileni owodwa.

Uma i-pallet isuswa ngaphambili kwe-rack-back rack, ama-pallets asele agibela phambili endaweni yokubuyisela, okukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwesitoko okusebenzayo. Lolu hlelo luhle kakhulu ezinsizeni ezidinga amaphalethi amaningi e-SKU efanayo ukuze agcinwe ndawonye, ​​nokufinyelela okulula kuphalethi lokugcina elilayishiwe. I-Push-back racking ngokuvamile isebenza ngokuphuma kokugcina, ukuphuma kuqala (i-LIFO) kodwa inikeza ukukhetha okusheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokushayela ngaphakathi ngoba ama-forklift awadingi ukungena esakhiweni sokuqopha.

Izinzuzo ze-push-back racking zilele ekongeni kwayo isikhala-njengoba ama-aisles mancane kunama-racking akhethiwe-kanye nokufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe kwe-pallet okunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba se-forklift. Lawa ma-rack angagcina ama-pallet amaningana emzileni ngamunye, akhulise ukuminyana kwesitoreji ngamaphesenti afika angamashumi ayisithupha uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqoshwa okukhethekile kwezinye izimo. Ukwengeza, lolu hlelo lulula ukulifaka nokunakekela, alinazo izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihambayo ngale kwamakalishi aginqikayo.

Kodwa-ke, ama-push-back racks afaneleka kakhulu kuma-SKU anenzuzo emaphakathi kanye nosayizi bephalethi abangaguquki ngoba ukulayisha okungajwayelekile kungathinta indlela yokuslayida ebushelelezi. Izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunama-pallet rack akhethiwe ngenxa yezingxenye zemishini ezihilelekile, kodwa izinzuzo ezisebenza kahle ngokuvamile zithethelela izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izicelo ezivamile zihlanganisa izikhungo zokusabalalisa okuthengiswayo, izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezineqoqo lemikhiqizo, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezilawula izimpahla zesizini ngokushintshana okumaphakathi. I-Push-back racking ifinyelela ibhalansi phakathi kokuminyana kwesitoreji nokufinyeleleka ngaphandle kokudinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ukuthi basebenze ezindaweni ezivalekile.

I-Flow Racking (I-Gravity noma i-FIFO Racking)

I-Flow racking, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-gravity racking noma i-FIFO racking, yakhelwe ngokuqondile ukwenza inqubo yokukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokwandisa inzuzo yokusungula. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa amarola athambekile noma amasondo asethwe kumareyili avumela amaphalethi noma amabhokisi ukuthi ashelele ukusuka ekugcineni kokulayisha kuya ekugcineni kokukha ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu kunyakaza okuqinisekisiwe kuvumela ukulawulwa kokusungula okusebenzayo kokuqala, nokuphuma kuqala, okubalulekile ezimbonini lapho ukusha komkhiqizo noma izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu, njengokudla nemithi.

Isakhiwo ngokuvamile siqukethe amaphasishi amabili: indawo yokulayisha lapho imikhiqizo ibekwe endaweni ephakeme, kanye nendawo yokukhetha endaweni ephakeme ephansi lapho abasebenzi belanda khona imikhiqizo. Njengoba i-pallet eyodwa isuswa ohlangothini lokukhetha, ezinye ziqhubekela phambili ngokuzenzakalelayo, zinciphisa isidingo sokuphatha okwengeziwe kanye nokuthuthukisa isivinini sokukha.

Enye inzuzo enkulu ye-flow racking yikhono layo lokunciphisa kakhulu abasebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-forklift ukuze kukhethwe, njengoba ama-pallets awanyakaziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina impahla. Lokhu kungaholela ekongeni izindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lusekela isitoreji sokuminyana okuphezulu njengoba amaphasishi angaba mancane, futhi ama-rack angaba amaphalethi amaningana ajule.

Kodwa-ke, i-flow racking idinga osayizi bephalethi abajwayelekile nezisindo njengoba imithwalo engalingani ingase ibangele ukuminyana kumathrekhi amarola noma ukuslayida okungalingani. Ukufaka nakho kubiza kakhulu, futhi isistimu idinga ukulungiswa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amarola ahlala engenawo udoti futhi asebenza kahle.

Amasistimu ama-flow rack alungele izindawo zokugcina eziphethe izimpahla ezibolayo noma ezibuthakathaka, imikhiqizo yemithi, noma i-inventory enamandla kakhulu lapho ukuzungeziswa kwesitoko kubaluleke kakhulu. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla ze-e-commerce lapho kudingeka khona ukukhetha ngokushesha okunamanani amancane amaphutha.

I-Mezzanine Flooring ene-Racking

Ukuhlanganisa i-mezzanine flooring nezinhlelo zokugqekeza kungakhuphula ngokuphawulekayo indawo yokugcina izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla ezinophahla oluphezulu, kuthuthukise indawo eqondile ngaphandle kokwandisa indawo yokugcina impahla. Ama-Mezzanines ayizitezi ezimaphakathi ezakhiwe phakathi kwamaphansi amakhulu ebhilidi futhi avame ukuhlanganiswa namayunithi amarakhi ukuze kwakhiwe izigaba eziningi zokugcina.

Lesi sixazululo singenzeka ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu, kusukela ezisekelweni eziyisisekelo ezisekelwa amakholomu kuya kweziyinkimbinkimbi zokugcina amazinga amaningi kanye nezinhlelo zokukhetha ezinezitebhisi namakheshi. Ngokwakha zibheka phezulu, izinkampani zingakwazi ukwamukela imikhiqizo eminingi ngaphandle kwemali enkulu yokwandisa noma ukuthuthwa kwempahla.

Amasistimu wokurakhi we-Mezzanine akhulisa ukuminyana kwesitoreji ngokudala izindawo ezihlukile kumaleveli amaningi ezinhlobo ezihlukene ze-inventory, ngokuvamile athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhetha kanye nezikhathi zokugcwaliseka kwe-oda. Ukwengeza, zingahlanganiswa nama-conveyor noma izinhlelo zokuthutha ezizenzakalelayo ukuze kuqondiswe ukuhamba komsebenzi kuzo zonke izitezi.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo, ukufakwa kwe-mezzanine kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela mayelana namandla okulayisha, amakhodi omlilo, nezimvume zokwakha. Ubuqotho besakhiwo kumele buqinisekiswe ukusekela ama-rack asindayo kanye ne-inventory ngokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokufinyelela njengezitebhisi noma amakheshi kufanele ahlanganiswe ngokucophelela ukuze kugcinwe ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nokuhamba kalula kwezinto.

I-Mezzanine racking isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina impahla ezinezingqinamba zendawo kodwa ezinobude obubalulekile bophahla. Izimboni ezifana ne-e-commerce, ezemithi, kanye nokusabalalisa okuthengiswayo zivame ukusebenzisa izixazululo ze-mezzanine ukuze zikhulise isitoreji sazo ziqonde phezulu futhi zithuthukise ukukhiqiza kokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okukhona.

Kafushane, ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele lokuqoqwa kwempahla kuyisinqumo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithonywa okuguquguqukayo okuningi kusukela ohlotsheni nomthamo we-inventory kuya emigomeni yokusebenza kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali. I-pallet racking isalokhu iyisinqumo esiguquguqukayo, esisebenziseka kalula sezinsiza ezibeka phambili ukufinyeleleka nokuvumelana nezimo. I-Drive-in kanye ne-drive-through racking igxile ekukhuliseni ukuminyana kwesitoreji emikhiqizweni efanayo, kuyilapho ibhalansi ye-push-back racking kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesikhala. Ukugeleza kwama-racking kuqondisa ukuqokwa kwe-oda ngokuphathwa kwe-FIFO eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, kanye nezinhlelo ze-mezzanine zivula amandla esikhala esime mpo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhulayo.

Ukuqonda amandla nemikhawulo yalezi zinhlelo zamarakhi kunikeza abaphathi bezindawo zokugcina izimpahla amandla nabanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuthi benze ingqalasizinda yabo yokugcina impahla ihambisane nezidingo zabo ezihlukile. Ukutshala isikhathi ekukhetheni nasekuklanyweni okufanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, ukulawula okungcono kwe-inventory, futhi ekugcineni kunciphisa izindleko kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Ngokuqondanisa isistimu yakho yokubeka amarakhi nokugeleza komsebenzi kanye nezici ze-inventory, ubeka isisekelo sempumelelo ehlelekile, ekhulayo.