Mitundu Yamakina a Warehouse Racking System: Ndi Iti Yoyenera Pamalo Anu?

Malo osungiramo zinthu ndi omwe akugunda kwambiri m'mafakitale osawerengeka, omwe amakhala ngati malo osungiramo zinthu, kugawa, ndi kusunga. M'dziko lomwe kuchita bwino ndi kulinganiza kumatha kupanga kapena kusokoneza ntchito, kusankha njira yoyenera yopangira malo anu ndikofunikira. Mitundu yosawerengeka ya makina osungiramo zinthu zosungiramo katundu omwe alipo masiku ano amatanthauza kuti pali njira yoyenera yamtundu uliwonse wazinthu, masanjidwe, ndi bajeti. Komabe, kuyang'ana njira izi kungakhale kovuta. Kaya nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu ndi yaying'ono kapena yokulirapo, yamanja kapena yodzichitira nokha, kumvetsetsa zofunikira zamakina osiyanasiyana opangira ma racking kumakupatsani mphamvu kuti mupange ndalama zodziwa bwino zomwe zimakulitsa zokolola ndi chitetezo.

Nkhaniyi iwunikanso mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yogwira ntchito yosungiramo zinthu zosungiramo katundu, kufotokoza mawonekedwe awo, zabwino zake, ndi ntchito zabwino. Pamapeto pake, mudzakhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kuti musankhe makina ojambulira omwe amagwirizana bwino ndi zolinga zanu zogwirira ntchito komanso zopinga zapamalo, kusintha kuthekera kwanu kosungira ndikuwongolera mayendedwe anu.

Selective Pallet Racking

Kusankha pallet racking ndiye njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kupezeka mosavuta. Mtundu woterewu wa racking umakhala ndi mafelemu owongoka omwe amathandizira mizati yopingasa, kupanga mabwalo akulu akulu momwe mapallet amatha kusungidwa mwachindunji. Chomwe chimapangitsa ma pallet osankhidwa kukhala okongola kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake osavuta, omwe amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kupeza ndikuyika zinthu mosavuta osafunikira kusuntha mapale ena.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino osankha pallet racking ndikulumikizana kwake ndi ma forklift, omwe amapereka mwayi wolunjika ku phale lililonse mudongosolo. Kufikira kopanda malireku ndikwabwino kwambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu omwe amayang'anira zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito poyambira, oyambira (FIFO) kapena oyambira, omaliza (FILO). Zosankha zake zowongoka komanso zosintha mwamakonda zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yowongoka, yoyenera malo omwe akukula limodzi ndi zosowa zawo zomwe zikukwera.

Kumbali yakumunsi, pomwe kusankha pallet kumapereka mwayi wopezeka, sikungachulukitse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malo poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ena owundana. Pamafunika timipata tomveka bwino poyendetsa ma forklift, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malo ena osungiramo katundu amaperekedwa kunjira zamagalimoto okha. Komabe, kugulitsana kumakhala kogwira ntchito kwambiri pakutola ndi kusungirako zinthu chifukwa kupeza pallet sikulephereka. Kusinthasintha kwadongosololi kumathandiziranso kuwonjezera zida monga kuyika waya, zothandizira pallet, ndi mipiringidzo yachitetezo kuti muwonjezere chitetezo ndi njira zosungira popanda kusintha kwambiri kapangidwe kake.

Kusankha pallet kumagwira ntchito bwino m'malo omwe ma SKU osiyanasiyana amafunikira kusungidwa kuti athe kupezeka pafupipafupi. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo malo ogawa, malo osungiramo katundu, ndi malo opangira zinthu zomwe zimafuna kusinthasintha nthawi zonse. Kugwirizana pakati pa kupezeka ndi kusinthika nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pallet ikhale yosasinthika m'malo ambiri osungiramo katundu omwe akuyamba ntchito zawo kapena omwe akutsindika kusinthasintha.

Kuyendetsa-Mu ndi Kuyendetsa-Kupyolera mu Racking

Makina olowera ndi kuyendetsa modutsa adapangidwa kuti awonjezere kuchulukana kosungirako pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa timipata tofunikira mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Machitidwewa ndi abwino kusungiramo zinthu zambiri zofanana, monga zinthu zambiri kapena mapepala a yunifolomu. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazigawo ziwirizi kwagona pakupeza: ma rack-in racks ali ndi misewu yolowera mbali imodzi yokha, pomwe ma rack-kupyolera amapereka mwayi kumbali zonse ziwiri.

M'makina oyendetsa, ma forklift amalowa m'malo otsekera ndikuyika mapaleti m'mphepete mwa njanji mkati mwa rack bays. Pallets amayikidwa pa njanji kapena mizati, kulola stacking mozama moyikamo. Chifukwa ma forklift amayenera kulowa mudongosolo kuti asunge kapena kubweza katundu, sitayelo iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira zinthu zomaliza, zoyamba (LIFO). Ndiwoyenera kuzinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mashelufu aatali kapena zinthu zomwe sizifuna kuzungulira pafupipafupi.

Kuyendetsa modutsa kumapangitsa kuti izi zitheke polola kuti ma forklifts ayendetse kuchokera mbali imodzi ya rack kupita kwina, ndikuwongolera njira yoyambira, yoyamba (FIFO). Kukonzekera uku kumathandizira kusinthasintha kwa kasamalidwe ka zinthu, makamaka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka kapena zomwe zili ndi masiku otha ntchito, pomwe dongosolo la kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndilofunika kwambiri.

Machitidwe onsewa amapereka chiwonjezeko chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito danga popeza timipata timachepa ndipo mapallet amatha kusungidwa mozama kwambiri. Komabe, amafunikira akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito za forklift kuti ayendetse bwino ma racks, chifukwa kusungirako kungathe kukhala koopsa kuposa machitidwe osankhidwa mwangozi kapena kuwonongeka kwa pallet. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pamapangidwe a rack kuti awonetsetse kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi miyezo yachitetezo ikukwaniritsidwa.

Zosungirako zowundanazi ndizoyenera malo osungiramo ozizira, malo ogawa chakudya, ndi mafakitale okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kuyenda kwa ma SKU pawokha kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Mapangidwe a drive-in and drive-through amathandizira makampani kukulitsa mawonekedwe awo a cubic pomwe akuchepetsa malo osungiramo katundu omwe amaperekedwa panjira.

Push-Back Racking

Push-back racking imapereka kusakanikirana kosungirako kwakanthawi kochepa komanso mwayi wofikira, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka m'malo osungira omwe ali ndi kuya kocheperako komanso kufunikira kokulitsa luso la pick. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito njanji zokhotakhota zokwera pamangolo kapena ma trolleys omwe amatha kuyenda motsatira chimango. Pallets amanyamulidwa kuchokera kutsogolo ndi "kukankhidwira kumbuyo" panjanji, kulola ma pallet angapo kusungidwa mumsewu umodzi.

Pallet ikachotsedwa kutsogolo kwa rack-back rack, ma pallets otsalawo amathamangira kutsogolo kumalo obwezeretsanso, kulimbikitsa kusinthasintha kwa katundu. Dongosololi ndilabwino kwambiri pazida zomwe zimafuna mapaleti angapo a SKU imodzi kuti asungidwe palimodzi, kuti azitha kupeza mosavuta pallet yomaliza yodzaza. Push-back racking imagwira ntchito komaliza, koyambira (LIFO) koma imapereka kusankha mwachangu poyerekeza ndi makina oyendetsa chifukwa ma forklift safunikira kulowa mu racking.

Ubwino wa kukankhira kumbuyo kwagona pakusunga malo ake - popeza tinjira tating'onoting'ono kuposa momwe timayikamo - komanso njira yabwino yofikira pallet yomwe imachepetsa nthawi yoyenda ya forklift. Ma racks awa amatha kusunga mapaleti angapo pamseu uliwonse, kukulitsa kachulukidwe kosungirako mpaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa zana poyerekeza ndi kukhetsa kosankha nthawi zina. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi ndi losavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza, popanda zida zosuntha zovuta kupitilira ngolo zogudubuza.

Komabe, ma rack-back racks ndioyenera kwambiri ma SKU okhala ndi kutembenuka pang'ono komanso makulidwe osasinthika a pallet chifukwa kutsitsa kosakhazikika kumatha kukhudza makina otsetsereka. Mtengo woyambira woyambira nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kuposa ma pallet osankhidwa chifukwa cha zida zamakina zomwe zimakhudzidwa, koma kupindulako nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama pakapita nthawi.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo malo ogulitsa, malo opangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi magulu, ndi malo osungiramo katundu omwe amasamalira katundu wanthawi yake mosinthasintha. Kukankhira kumbuyo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusamvana pakati pa kachulukidwe kosungirako ndi kupezeka popanda kufunikira kuti anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino azigwira ntchito m'malo ochepa.

Flow Racking (Gravity kapena FIFO Racking)

Flow racking, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kukwera kwa mphamvu yokoka kapena FIFO racking, idapangidwa makamaka kuti ipangitse dongosolo losankhira ndikuwonjezera kubweza kwazinthu. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito zodzigudubuza kapena mawilo omwe amayikidwa pa njanji zomwe zimalola ma pallet kapena makatoni kuti asunthike kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto komwe amanyamula pansi pa mphamvu yokoka. Izi zowonetsetsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake.

Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi timipata tiwiri: kanjira komwe zinthu zimayikidwa pamalo okwera, ndi kanjira kamene kamakhala kotsika komwe ogwira ntchito amatenga katundu. Pamene phale limodzi limachotsedwa kumbali yosankha, enawo amapita patsogolo, kuchepetsa kufunikira kowonjezerapo ndikuwongolera kuthamanga.

Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa kuthamangitsa otaya ndikutha kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito ndi forklift kugwiritsa ntchito potola, popeza mapallet sasunthidwa mobwerezabwereza mkati mwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu. Izi zitha kupulumutsa ndalama komanso kuwongolera chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawa amathandizira kusungirako kachulukidwe kwambiri popeza timipata titha kukhala tocheperako, ndipo ma racks amatha kukhala ma pallet angapo akuya.

Komabe, kuwotcha koyenda kumafuna miyeso yokhazikika ya pallet ndi zolemera chifukwa katundu wosagwirizana angayambitse kupanikizana panjira zodzigudubuza kapena kutsetsereka kosagwirizana. Kuyikako kulinso kokwera mtengo, ndipo makinawa amafunikira kukonzedwa pafupipafupi kuti ma roller azikhala opanda zinyalala ndikugwira ntchito bwino.

Makina opangira ma Flow rack ndi abwino kwa malo osungira omwe amasunga zinthu zowonongeka kapena zosalimba, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zosinthika kwambiri pomwe kusintha kwazinthu ndikofunikira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo osungiramo malonda a e-commerce komwe kusankha mwachangu ndi zolakwika zochepa ndikofunikira.

Mezzanine Flooring yokhala ndi Racking

Kuphatikiza pansi pa mezzanine ndi makina owongolera kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe zili ndi denga lalitali, kukhathamiritsa malo oyimirira popanda kukulitsa malo osungiramo zinthu. Mezzanines ndi zipinda zapakatikati zomangidwa pakati pazipinda zazikulu zanyumbayo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi ma rack unit kuti apange magawo angapo osungira.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yotheka kwambiri, kuyambira pamapulatifomu oyambira omwe amathandizidwa ndi mizati mpaka kusungirako kwamitundu ingapo komanso makina onyamula okhala ndi masitepe ndi zokwera. Pomanga molunjika, makampani amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri popanda kuwononga ndalama zambiri pakukulitsa nyumba yosungiramo katundu kapena kusamutsa.

Makina ojambulira a mezzanine amakulitsa kachulukidwe kosungirako popanga madera osiyana pamilingo ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amawongolera kusanja bwino komanso nthawi yokwaniritsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma conveyor kapena makina oyendera okha kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino ntchito pansi.

Ngakhale zabwino izi, kuyika mezzanine kumafuna kukonzekera mosamala zokhudzana ndi katundu, zizindikiro zamoto, ndi zilolezo zomanga. Kukhazikika kwachipangidwe kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zithandizire ma racks olemetsa ndi zosungira mosamala. Kuphatikiza apo, malo olowera monga masitepe kapena zokwera ziyenera kuphatikizidwa bwino kuti asunge chitetezo chapantchito komanso kuyenda mosavuta kwa zinthu.

Mezzanine racking imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu omwe ali ndi vuto la malo koma amakhala ndi denga lalitali. Makampani monga e-commerce, pharmaceuticals, ndi kagawidwe ka malonda nthawi zambiri amathandizira mayankho a mezzanine kuti achulukitse kasungidwe kake ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito popanda kusokoneza mayendedwe omwe alipo.

Mwachidule, kusankha njira yoyenera yosungiramo zinthu zosungiramo katundu ndi chisankho chovuta chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yambiri kuyambira pamtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungira mpaka zolinga zogwirira ntchito ndi zovuta za bajeti. Kusankha pallet racking kumakhalabe kosunthika, kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa malo omwe amayika patsogolo kupezeka ndi kusinthasintha. Kulowetsa ndi kuyendetsa-kudutsa pa racking kumayang'ana kwambiri kukulitsa kachulukidwe kasungidwe kazinthu zofananira, kwinaku akukankhira-kumbuyo ma sikelo opitilira ndikuchita bwino kwa malo. Flow racking streamlines order to picking with a FIFO management in FIFO systems, and mezzanine systems unlock the of the lateral space potential to accepting akukula.

Kumvetsetsa mphamvu ndi zoperewera za makinawa kumapereka mphamvu kwa oyang'anira nyumba zosungiramo katundu ndi eni mabizinesi kuti azitha kukonza zosungirako zawo kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zawo zapadera. Kuyika nthawi pakusankha koyenera komanso kapangidwe kake kumapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito azikhala otetezeka, kuwongolera bwino kwazinthu, ndipo pamapeto pake kumachepetsa ndalama ndikuwongolera kukhutira kwamakasitomala. Mwa kugwirizanitsa makina opangira zida zanu ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe ake, mumakhazikitsa maziko owongolera bwino, opambana.