Izixazululo Zokubeka Izinto Ezigciniwe: Ukubhekana Nezinselele Ezivamile

Emabhizinisini anamuhla, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwesikhala kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla okulula kube yizinsika ezibalulekile zemisebenzi ephumelelayo. Izindawo zokugcina impahla, izitolo zokuthengisa, kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza konke kuncike kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokubeka izinto ukuze kwandiswe isikhala saphansi ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kulula ukufinyelela izimpahla. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa nokugcina lezi zixazululo zokugcina izinto kuza nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta umkhiqizo, ukuphepha, kanye nokonga izindleko. Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile ekuklameni izinhlelo zokubeka izinto ezingahlangabezani nezidingo zamanje kuphela kodwa futhi ezivumelana kahle nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo.

Kusukela ekushintsheni kwenani lempahla kuya ekuhambisaneni nemithethonqubo yokuphepha, izixazululo zokubeka izinto endaweni yokugcina izinto kumele zibe nebhalansi ebucayi. Lesi sihloko sihlola izithiyo ezivamile ezibhekene nokufakwa nokuphathwa kwama-rack okugcina izinto futhi sinikeza ukuqonda kokunqoba lezi zinkinga ngempumelelo. Amabhizinisi awazi kahle lezi zinto asesimweni esihle sokuthuthukisa ukuhamba komsebenzi, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza iyonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesikhala Nokwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo

Enye yezinselelo eziphambili ekuxazululeni izixazululo zokubeka izinto endaweni yokugcina izinto ukwenza indawo ibe ngcono ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Izindawo zokugcina izinto nezindawo zokugcina izinto zivame ukuba nezikwele ezilinganiselwe, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa kahle isikhala esiqondile nesivundlile kubalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala okunganele kungaholela ekuminyaneni kwabantu, emisebenzini engasebenzi kahle, noma ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwamandla okugcina izinto, konke okuphazamisa ukukhiqiza.

Umklamo wokwakha ophumelelayo uqala ngokuqonda kahle umthamo kanye nohlobo lwempahla ezogcinwa. Izinto ezinkulu zingadinga isikhala esibanzi sezindawo zokubeka izinto kanye nama-rack aqinile, kanti izinto ezincane zingagcinwa ziminyene kusetshenziswa izindawo zokubeka izinto ezincane kanye nama-shelving units amaningi. Izinhlelo zokubeka izinto eziqondile zisebenzisa ukuphakama kophahla, kodwa lokhu futhi kwethula isidingo semishini ekhethekile efana nama-forklift angasebenza ngokuphephile ezindaweni eziqinile noma ezinde.

Ukuhlela ngokucophelela kumele futhi kucabangele ukuhamba kwezimoto ngaphakathi kwesikhungo. Ukuhlelwa okuhlelwe kahle kwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwabasebenzi nemishini, kuncishiswe izithiyo futhi kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka kwezinqubo zokubuyisa nokugcwalisa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizila yokufinyelela eziphuthumayo idinga ukugcinwa icacile, ibeka phambili ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi esofthiwe afana nezinhlelo zokuphatha izimpahla (i-WMS) noma ukumodela isikhala se-3D kungasiza kakhulu ekuboniseni ngeso lengqondo ukucushwa kwama-rack kanye nokwenza ngcono ukubekwa ngaphambi kokufakwa ngokomzimba. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukulingiswa kwezimo ezahlukene, okuvumela abaphathi ukuthi babone kusengaphambili izinselele futhi bagweme ukuhlela kabusha okubizayo.

Okokugcina, izidingo zokukhuliswa kwesikhathi esizayo kufanele zibhekwe ekwakhiweni kokuqala. Amabhizinisi avame ukubhekana nokushintsha kwezinhlobo zempahla kanye nobuningi, ngakho-ke ukuklama izixazululo zokukhuliswa eziguquguqukayo ezingalungiswa noma zandiswe konga isikhathi nemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izingxenye zokukhuliswa kwe-modular zilungele lokhu, zivumela ukucushwa kabusha ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuphelele kwesistimu.

Umthamo Womthwalo Nobuqotho Besakhiwo

Ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo sama-rack okugcina izinto kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi kanye nomonakalo obizayo empahleni. I-rack ngayinye iza nezilinganiso ezithile zomthwalo ezibonisa isisindo esiphezulu engasisekela ngokuphephile eshalofini ngalinye noma e-bay. Ukungazinaki lezi zilinganiso noma ukudlula imikhawulo enconyiwe kudala izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha, okuhlanganisa nokuwa kwama-rack.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, amabhizinisi kumele aqale ahlole ngokunembile isisindo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto zawo ezigciniwe. Izimpahla ezifakwe ama-pallet zingagxila kakhulu esisindweni endaweni eyodwa, kuyilapho imikhiqizo ekhululekile noma ehlukahlukene ingasakaza imithwalo ngokulinganayo. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela zokuxhumana kusiza ekukhetheni izinhlobo ze-rack nezinto ezihambisana nezidingo zomthwalo.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nemikhuba yokulungisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho be-rack. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-rack angaguga ngenxa yezici zemvelo, ukushayisana nama-forklift, noma imikhuba engafanele yokulayisha. Ukuthola imishayo egobile, amabhawodi axegayo, noma ama-weld athintekile kusenesikhathi kuvimbela ukwehluleka okukhulu.

Isitifiketi kanye nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zemboni ezihlobene nokuklama nokwakha ama-racking nakho kuqinisekisa ukuthi izixazululo zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-OSHA kanye ne-RMI zinikeza iziqondiso ezisiza abaphathi ukukhetha imikhiqizo ehambisanayo futhi bayigcine ngendlela efanele.

Kwezinye izimo, imiklamo ekhethekile yama-rack ingadingeka ezimweni zomthwalo omkhulu. Ama-rack ensimbi aqinile anemishayo eqinisiwe, isibonelo, angaphatha ama-pallet asinda kakhulu noma imishini emikhulu. Onjiniyela ngezinye izikhathi benza izibalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze bavumelanise izinhlelo zama-rack nezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukile.

Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi ukulayisha ama-rack ngaphakathi kwemingcele ebekiwe kubaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Ngisho nama-rack aqinile asengozini lapho kwenzeka ukulayisha ngokweqile ngokungalingani noma lapho amadivayisi okuphepha ama-rack afana nama-safety pins nama-backstops engasetshenziswa. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziqinile kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ezicacile kunciphisa ingozi yamaphutha abantu.

Izinkinga Zokuphepha Nokuthobela Imithetho

Ukuphepha kusalokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo yokugcina impahla. Izinhlelo zokuhlela ezingahleliwe kahle noma ezinganakekelwa kahle zinegalelo ekulimaleni kwendawo yokusebenza futhi zingaholela ezikweletini zomthetho ezibizayo. Ngakho-ke, indlela ephelele yokuphepha kanye nokuthobela imithetho ayinakuxoxiswana.

Inselele evamile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-racks aqiniswe ngokuphephile ukuze kugwenywe ukugoba noma ukuguquka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezizamazama. Ama-bolts e-anchor nama-base plate kumele afakwe kahle futhi ahlolwe njalo. Ama-racks aisles kudingeka agcinwe engenazithiyo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhamba ngokuphephile kwemishini nabasebenzi.

Izimpawu ezifanele kanye nokulebula amandla omthwalo kuyizinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile ezitshela abasebenzi basezindlini zokugcina impahla ngemikhawulo kanye neziqondiso zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa izimpawu ezinemibala noma izinsiza ezibonakalayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqwashisa futhi kunciphise izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okuvikela afana nama-column guards, ama-rack net, kanye nemigoqo yokuphepha kusiza ukuvimbela umonakalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-forklift. Lezi zesekeli zimunca imiphumela futhi zinciphise ingozi kokubili kuma-rack nakubasebenzi.

Ukuthobela imithetho yokwakha yendawo kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphepha emsebenzini kuyinselele eqhubekayo okumele ixazululwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwemithetho kanye nokuhlolwa kwezimali ngokuvamile kugxila ekulandeleni lezi zindinganiso zokuphepha. Amabhizinisi kufanele agcine imibhalo ephelele yezinqubo zokuphepha, ukuhlolwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuze abonise ukuthobela.

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengezinzwa zomthwalo kanye nokulandelela okuzenzakalelayo kwempahla nakho kungathuthukisa imiphumela yokuphepha ngokunciphisa amaphutha enziwa ngesandla. Izexwayiso ezizenzakalelayo lapho ama-racks esondela emikhawulweni yomthwalo noma edinga ukulungiswa kusiza ukuvimbela izingozi.

Ukwakha isiko eligxile ekuphepheni enhlanganweni kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi babike izingozi ezingaba khona, benze ukuhlolwa okuvamile, futhi balandele imikhuba emihle kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha kufakwe emisebenzini yansuku zonke kunokuphathwa njengento ecatshangelwe kamuva.

Ukufinyeleleka kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kwempahla

Ukufinyelela kalula nangokushesha izimpahla ezigciniwe kuyisici esibalulekile sempumelelo yokusebenza kodwa kuvame ukuba nzima ngenxa yezixazululo zokugcina ezigxile ekuxineni. Inselele itholakala ekulinganiseni ukwakheka kwezindawo ezixinene kakhulu nokuhleleka okufinyeleleka kalula.

Izinhlelo zendabuko zokuhlela ezingaguquki zinganciphisa izinqubo zokukhetha uma izinto ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwama-rack zidinga izinyathelo eziningi zokuphatha. Lokhu kuyingozi ezindaweni ezisheshayo njengokugcwalisa i-e-commerce noma ukuthutha kwezitolo, lapho izikhathi zokushintsha zithinta kakhulu ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, izixazululo zokuhlela eziguquguqukayo ezifana nama-drive-in racks, ama-push-back racks, kanye nezinhlelo zokugeleza kwama-pallet zinikeza ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukisiwe. Lezi zakhiwo zivumela izindlela zokuphatha isitokwe sokuqala-ku-kuqala (i-FIFO) noma sokugcina-ku-kuqala (i-LIFO), ezilungiselelwe izidingo zomjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo.

Izinhlelo zokugcina nokubuyisa ezenzakalelayo (AS/RS) zimele umkhawulo ophambili ekufinyelelekeni kwempahla. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-robotic kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthutha ukuze zithole izinto ngokushesha, kunciphisa amaphutha abantu kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Nakuba zidinga utshalomali olukhulu, ziqinisekisa amazinga okusebenza kahle aphezulu, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini emikhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ukuskena amabhakhodi kanye nokumaka i-RFID okuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zesofthiwe kuqinisekisa ukulandelela okunembile futhi kusheshisa ukuthola izinto. Ukubonakala kwesitoko ngesikhathi sangempela kwenza kube lula ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nokugcwaliswa kabusha kwesitoko kanye namashejuli okuthumela.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kuyisici esibalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle. Abasebenzi abajwayelene nokuhlelwa kwesistimu, ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla, kanye nokusebenza kwedivayisi benza imisebenzi yabo ngamaphutha ambalwa kanye nesivinini esikhulu.

Ekugcineni, umgomo ukuklama izixazululo zokubeka ama-rack ezisebenzela kokubili ubuningi besitoreji kanye nezidingo zesivinini sokubuyisa, ezivumelana nomthamo wokusebenza ohlukile kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza.

Ukuphathwa Kwezindleko Nokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwesikhathi Eside

Ukuphatha izindleko ezihambisana nokubeka ama-rack endaweni yokugcina izinto kuyinselele enezici eziningi edlula intengo yokuqala yokuthenga ama-rack. Kusukela ekufakweni nasekulungisweni kuya esikhathini esingaba khona sokungasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa, izici ezahlukahlukene zithonya izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.

Izindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili zingaba yisithiyo, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi, kodwa ukukhetha izinhlelo zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ezingafaneleki kuvame ukuholela ezindlekweni ezinkulu zesikhathi eside ngenxa yokulungiswa okuvamile, ukungasebenzi kahle, noma izehlakalo zokuphepha.

Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla okunesu okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwabathengisi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izixazululo zokubeka impahla zinikeza ukuqina futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu. Ukuthengwa kwempahla ngobuningi noma izinhlelo ze-modular zinganikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kanye nenani elingcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amashejuli okulungisa kanye nokulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele kuvimbela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile okuphazamisa ukuhamba komsebenzi noma okudinga ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo okubizayo. Ukusungula isabelomali esicacile sokusekela okuqhubekayo nokuhlola kukhuthaza isiko lokulungisa elisebenzayo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwama-rack okugcina izinto nakho kuyisici sokonga izindleko. Izinhlelo ezivumela ukulungiswa kabusha zivumela izinguquko emigqeni yomkhiqizo noma izidingo zokugcina izinto, okunciphisa isidingo sokushintsha okubizayo.

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ngokonga amandla, njengokusebenzisa izibani ezihlanganiswe kuma-rack units noma ukukhetha izinto ezinciphisa umthelela emvelweni, zinganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.

Ukuhlela ezezimali kufanele futhi kufake phakathi ukutshalwa kwezimali koqeqesho ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono abasebenzi, kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa amaphutha abizayo.

Ekugcineni, isu eliphelele lokuphatha izindleko lihilela ukulinganisa izindleko ezisheshayo nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izixazululo zokugcina zisebenza njengezimpahla eziyigugu kunokuba zibe yizikweletu.

Ekuphetheni, izixazululo zokubeka izinto endaweni yokugcina impahla ziyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwempahla okusebenzayo nokuphephile, kodwa ziza nezinselele ezingokwemvelo ezidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela. Ukulungiswa kwesikhala kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo kumele kuhlelwe kahle ukuze kudalwe izindawo zokugcina ezisebenzayo neziguquguqukayo. Umthamo womthwalo kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile kanye nokugcinwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ukuthobela imithetho kanye nemikhuba yokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza kubalulekile ukuvikela abasebenzi kanye nempahla. Ukufinyelela endaweni yokugcina impahla kufanele kulinganise ubuningi nesivinini sokusebenza, kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe lapho kungenzeka khona. Okokugcina, indlela ehlakaniphile yokuphatha izindleko iqinisekisa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni zokubeka izinto endaweni yokugcina impahla kuletha imbuyiselo ehlala njalo.

Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele eziningi ngempumelelo kuphumela ekusebenzeni okulula, izingozi ezincishisiwe, kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zebhizinisi ezishintshayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthuthukiswa ingqalasizinda ekhona noma ukuklama izindawo zokugcina izinto ezintsha, ukutshala isikhathi kanye nezinsiza ekunqobeni lezi zithiyo kuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ekukhiqizeni nasekuphepheni.