Izisombululo Zokubeka Izinto Ezigciniweyo: Ukujongana Neengxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Kumashishini anamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwendawo kunye nolawulo olucwangcisiweyo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuye kwaba ziintsika ezibalulekileyo zemisebenzi ephumelelayo. Iindawo zokugcina impahla, iivenkile zokuthengisa, kunye neendawo zokwenza izinto zonke zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokugcina izinto ukuze kwandiswe indawo yomgangatho ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukufikelela lula kwiimpahla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumeza nokugcina ezi zisombululo zokugcina izinto kuza nemingeni eyahlukeneyo enokuchaphazela imveliso, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ukuqonda le mingeni kubalulekile ekuyileni iinkqubo zokugcina izinto ezingahlangabezani neemfuno zangoku kuphela kodwa nezilungelelanisa kakuhle neemfuno zexesha elizayo.

Ukususela ekuguqukeni komthamo wempahla ukuya ekuthobeleni imithetho yokhuseleko, izisombululo zokugcina izinto kufuneka zibe nokulinganisela okubuthathaka. Eli nqaku liphonononga imiqobo eqhelekileyo ejongene nayo ekusetyenzisweni nasekulawulweni kwee-rack zokugcina izinto kwaye linika ulwazi lokusombulula le ngxaki ngempumelelo. Amashishini ayazi kakuhle ezi zinto akwimeko entle yokuphucula ukuhamba komsebenzi, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lomsebenzi ngokubanzi.

Ukulungiswa Kwesithuba kunye noYilo lweNdawo

Enye yezona ngxaki ziphambili kwizisombululo zokugcina izinto kukwenza indawo ibe ngcono ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Iindawo zokugcina izinto kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto zihlala zinendawo encinci yesikwere, ngoko ke ukusebenzisa kakuhle indawo ethe nkqo nethe tyaba kubalulekile. Ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba esinganelanga kunokukhokelela ekuxinaneni kwabantu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle komsebenzi, okanye amandla okugcina izinto angasetyenziswanga ngokwaneleyo, konke oku kuthintela imveliso.

Uyilo olusebenzayo loyilo luqala ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwempahla eza kugcinwa. Izinto ezinkulu zinokufuna isithuba esibanzi seepaseji kunye neerakhi ezinzima, ngelixa izinto ezincinci zinokugcinwa zixinene kusetyenziswa iipaseji ezincinci kunye neeyunithi zeeshelufu ezinamanqanaba amaninzi. Iinkqubo zokurhangqa ngokuthe nkqo zisebenzisa ithuba lokuphakama kwesilingi, kodwa oku kukwazisa nesidingo sezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neeforklifts ezinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezixineneyo okanye ezinde.

Ucwangciso olucokisekileyo kufuneka luqwalasele ukuhamba kwezithuthi ngaphakathi kwiziko. Uyilo olucwangcisiweyo kakuhle luvumela ukuhambahamba kakuhle kwabasebenzi nezixhobo, kunciphisa iingxaki kwaye kuncitshiswe ukulibaziseka kwiinkqubo zokufumana nokugcwalisa. Ukongeza, iindlela zokufikelela ngexesha likaxakeka kufuneka zigcinwe zicacile, zibeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zesoftware ezifana neenkqubo zolawulo lwe-warehouse (WMS) okanye imodeli yesithuba se-3D kunokunceda kakhulu ekuqondeni ulungelelwaniso lwee-rack kunye nokwenza ngcono ukubekwa kwazo ngaphambi kokufakwa ngokwasemzimbeni. Ezi teknoloji zivumela ukulinganisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo, zivumela abaphathi ukuba babone kwangaphambili imingeni kwaye baphephe uhlengahlengiso olubizayo.

Okokugqibela, iimfuno zokwandisa kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuyilo lokuqala. Amashishini adla ngokufumana utshintsho kwiintlobo zempahla kunye nomthamo, ngoko ke ukuyila izisombululo zokubeka izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinokulungiswa okanye zandiswe konga ixesha nemali ekuhambeni kwexesha. Izixhobo zokubeka izinto eziguquguqukayo zilungele oku, zivumela uhlengahlengiso ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo.

Umthamo woMthwalo kunye noBume boLwakhiwo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo seerekhi zokugcina izinto kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi kunye nomonakalo obizayo kwiimpahla. Irekhi nganye iza nereyithingi ethile yomthwalo ebonisa ubunzima obukhulu enokuyixhasa ngokukhuselekileyo kwishelufu nganye okanye i-bay nganye. Ukungazinaki ezi reyithingi okanye ukudlula imida ecetyiswayo kubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokhuseleko, kubandakanya nokuwa kweerekhi.

Ukujongana nale meko, amashishini kufuneka aqale ahlole ngokuchanekileyo ubunzima kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto zawo ezikwi-inventory. Iimpahla ezifakwe iipalethi zinokugxininisa ubunzima kwindawo enye, ngelixa iimveliso ezikhululekileyo okanye ezahlukeneyo zinokusasaza imithwalo ngokulinganayo. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo kunceda ekukhetheni iintlobo zeerakhi kunye nezinto ezihambelana neemfuno zomthwalo.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kweerakhi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iirakhi zinokuguguleka ngenxa yeemeko zokusingqongileyo, ukungqubana neeforklifts, okanye iindlela ezingafanelekanga zokulayisha. Ukufumanisa imiqadi egobileyo, iibholiti ezikhululekileyo, okanye iiwelds ezichaphazelekileyo kwangethuba kuthintela ukungaphumeleli okukhulu.

Isiqinisekiso kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino enxulumene noyilo lweerakhi kunye nolwakhiwo kukwaqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo. Imibutho efana ne-OSHA kunye ne-RMI ibonelela ngezikhokelo ezinceda abaphathi ukuba bakhethe iimveliso ezihambelanayo kwaye bazigcine ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, uyilo lweerakhi ezikhethekileyo lunokufuneka kwiimeko ezinzima zomthwalo. Iirakhi zentsimbi ezinzima ezineebhari eziqinisiweyo, umzekelo, zinokuphatha iipallet ezinzima kakhulu okanye oomatshini abakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha iinjineli zenza ubalo olukhethekileyo ukuze zilungelelanise iinkqubo zeerakhi ngokweemfuno zokusebenza ezizodwa.

Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lwabasebenzi lokulayisha iirakhi ngaphakathi kwemida echaziweyo lubaluleke ngokufanayo. Kwaneerakhi ezinamandla zisengozini xa ukugqithisa kwenzeka ngokungalinganiyo okanye xa izixhobo zokhuseleko zeerakhi ezifana neephini zokhuseleko kunye nee-backstops zingasetyenziswa. Ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho eziqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezicacileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo zabantu.

Imiba yoKhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

Ukhuseleko luhlala luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokugcina izinto. Iinkqubo zokurhangqa ezingacwangciswanga kakuhle okanye ezingagcinwanga kakuhle zinegalelo ekwenzakaleni emsebenzini kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiimbopheleleko zomthetho ezibizayo. Ke ngoko, indlela ebanzi yokhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho ayinakuxoxiswana.

Omnye umceli mngeni oqhelekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iirakhi ziqiniswe ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze zingawi okanye zitshintshe, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinenyikima. Iibholithi ze-anchor kunye neepleyiti zesiseko kufuneka zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zihlolwe rhoqo. Iipaseji zerakhi kufuneka zigcinwe zingenazithintelo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.

Iimpawu ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulebhelisha umthamo womthwalo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko ezizisa abasebenzi beendawo zokugcina impahla ngemida kunye nezikhokelo zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa iimpawu ezinemibala okanye izixhobo ezibonakalayo kunokuphucula ulwazi ngakumbi kwaye kunciphise iingozi ezinokubakho.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela ezifana nezikhuselo zeekholamu, inethi yerakhi, kunye neebha zokhuseleko kunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-forklift. Ezi zixhobo zifunxa iimpembelelo kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko kwiirakhi nakubasebenzi.

Ukuthobela imithetho yokwakha yasekuhlaleni kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko emsebenzini ngumceli mngeni oqhubekayo ekufuneka ujongwane nawo ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ukuhlolwa kwemithetho kunye nokuhlolwa kweencwadi kudla ngokugxila ekuthobeleni le migangatho yokhuseleko. Amashishini kufuneka agcine amaxwebhu apheleleyo eenkqubo zokhuseleko, uhlolo, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukuze abonise ukuthobela.

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana nezinzwa zomthwalo kunye nokulandelela izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunokunyusa iziphumo zokhuseleko ngokunciphisa iimpazamo ezenziwa ngesandla. Izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo xa iirakhi zisondela kwimida yomthwalo okanye zifuna ukulungiswa zinceda ekuthinteleni iingozi.

Ukwakha inkcubeko egxile kukhuseleko ngaphakathi kwintlangano kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba baxele ngeengozi ezinokubakho, benze uhlolo oluqhelekileyo, kwaye balandele iindlela ezilungileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lufakwa kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla endaweni yokuthathwa njengento ecingelwayo emva koko.

Ukufikeleleka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwempahla

Ukufikelela lula nangokukhawuleza kwiimpahla ezigciniweyo yinto ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yokusebenza kodwa kudla ngokuba nzima ngenxa yezisombululo zokugcina ezigxile kuxinano. Umngeni usekulungelelaniseni ukugcinwa kwezinto ezixineneyo nokulungelelaniswa okufikelelekayo.

Iinkqubo zemveli zokurhangqa ezingashukumiyo zinokucothisa iinkqubo zokukhetha izinto ukuba izinto ezikwi-rack zifuna amanyathelo amaninzi okuphatha. Oku kuyingozi kwiindawo ezikhawulezayo ezifana nokuzalisekiswa kwe-e-commerce okanye uthutho lokuthengisa, apho amaxesha okulungisa izinto achaphazela kakhulu ulwaneliseko lwabathengi.

Ukusombulula oku, izisombululo ze-racking eziguquguqukayo ezifana nee-drive-in racks, ii-push-back racks, kunye neenkqubo ze-pallet flow zibonelela ngokufikeleleka okuphuculweyo. Ezi zakhiwo zivumela iindlela zokulawula i-inventory ye-first-in-first-out (FIFO) okanye i-last-in-first-out (LIFO), ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zomjikelo wobomi bemveliso.

Iinkqubo zokugcina nokubuyisa izinto ngokuzenzekelayo (AS/RS) zimele umgangatho ophezulu ekufikelelekeni kwezinto ezikhoyo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa iteknoloji yerobhothi kunye ne-conveyor ukuze zifumane izinto ngokukhawuleza, zinciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kunye neendleko zomsebenzi. Nangona zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu, ziqinisekisa amanqanaba aphezulu okusebenza kakuhle, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi emikhulu.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa ukuskena kwebhakhowudi kunye nokuthegiswa kweRFID okudityaniswe neenkqubo zesoftware kuqinisekisa ukulandelela ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukufumana izinto. Ukubonakala kwempahla ngexesha langempela kwenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono malunga nokuzaliswa kwakhona kwesitokhwe kunye neeshedyuli zokuthunyelwa.

Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi luyinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle. Abasebenzi abaqhelene noyilo lwenkqubo, ukuhlelwa kwempahla, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo benza imisebenzi yabo ngeempazamo ezimbalwa kunye nesantya esonyukileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, injongo kukuyila izisombululo zokurhangqa ezisebenzela zombini iimfuno zobuninzi bokugcina kunye nesantya sokufumana izinto, ezilungelelanisa nomthamo wokusebenza okhethekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokusebenza.

Ulawulo lweendleko kunye notyalo-mali lwexesha elide

Ukulawula iindleko ezinxulumene nokurhangqa iirakhi zokugcina izinto ngumceli mngeni oneenkalo ezininzi odlula ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga iirakhi. Ukususela ekufakeni nasekulungiseni ukuya kwixesha elinokwenzeka lokungasebenzi kunye nokuphucula izinto, izinto ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela ixabiso lilonke lobunini.

Iindleko eziphezulu kwangaphambili zinokuba ngumqobo, ingakumbi kumashishini amancinci naphakathi, kodwa ukukhetha iinkqubo zokurhangqa ezikumgangatho ophantsi okanye ezingafanelekanga kudla ngokubangela iindleko ezinkulu zexesha elide ngenxa yokulungiswa rhoqo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, okanye iziganeko zokhuseleko.

Ukuthengwa kwezinto ngobuchule okubandakanya uvavanyo olunzulu lwabathengisi kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zokurhangqa zibonelela ngokuqina kwaye zihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza ngaphandle kweendleko ezigqithisileyo. Ukuthengwa kwezinto ngobuninzi okanye iinkqubo zemodyuli zinokubonelela ngokuguquguquka okungakumbi kunye nexabiso elingcono ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iishedyuli zokugcinwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuthintela ukungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga okuphazamisana nemisebenzi okanye kufuna ukulungiswa okubizayo ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukumisela uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olucacileyo lwenkxaso eqhubekayo kunye nokuhlolwa kukhuthaza inkcubeko yokugcinwa kwezakhiwo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa iirakhi zokugcina izinto nako kuyonga imali. Iinkqubo ezivumela uhlengahlengiso zilungele utshintsho kwimigca yemveliso okanye iimfuno zokugcina izinto, nto leyo enciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa kwezinto ezibizayo.

Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla, njengokusebenzisa izibane ezidityaniswe kwiiyunithi zokurhangqa okanye ukukhetha izixhobo ezinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, zinokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

Ucwangciso lwezemali kufuneka lubandakanye notyalo-mali loqeqesho ukuphucula izakhono zabasebenzi, ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ezibizayo.

Ekugqibeleni, icebo elibanzi lokulawula iindleko libandakanya ukulinganisa iindleko ezikhawulezileyo neenzuzo zexesha elide, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zokugcina izinto zisebenza njengeeasethi ezixabisekileyo endaweni yamatyala.

Ukuqukumbela, izisombululo zokugcina izinto kwindawo yokugcina izinto zibalulekile kulawulo olusebenzayo nolukhuselekileyo lwempahla, kodwa ziza nemingeni eyimfuneko efuna ingqalelo enonophelo. Ukulungiswa kwendawo kunye noyilo loyilo kufuneka kucwangciswe ngobuchule ukudala iindawo zokugcina izinto ezisebenzayo neziguquguqukayo. Umthamo womthwalo kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo kufuna uvavanyo oluqinileyo kunye nokugcinwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ukuthobela imithetho kunye neendlela zokhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza kubalulekile ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye neempahla. Ukufikelela kwindawo yokugcina izinto kufuneka kulungelelanise uxinano kunye nesantya sokusebenza, kusetyenziswe iteknoloji apho kunokwenzeka khona. Okokugqibela, indlela ecwangcisiweyo yolawulo lweendleko iqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali kwiinkqubo zeendawo zokugcina izinto luvelisa imbuyekezo ehlala ixesha elide.

Ukujongana nale mingeni ininzi ngempumelelo kuphumela ekusebenzeni okulula, ukuncipha kweengozi, kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu ukujongana neemfuno zoshishino ezitshintshayo. Nokuba kukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo okanye kuyilwa iindawo zokugcina izinto ezintsha, ukutyala ixesha kunye nezixhobo ekoyiseni le miqobo kuya kuzisa igalelo elikhulu kwimveliso kunye nokhuseleko.