Kungani Ukukhetha Uhlelo Olufanele Lokuqopha Kungukhiye Wokuthuthukisa I-Warehouse

Ukukhetha isistimu yokurakhi efanele idlala indima ebalulekile ngokungenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-warehouse. Izindawo zokugcina izimpahla namuhla zingaphezu nje kwezindawo zokugcina; ziyizindawo eziguquguqukayo lapho ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuvumelana nezimo kuhlangana khona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kochungechunge lokunikezela. Ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele lokubeka amarakhi kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, kuqondise ukuphathwa kwempahla, futhi kunciphise kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza. Kumabhizinisi afuna ukuphakamisa amandla awo okugcina impahla, ukuqonda izici ezingemuva kokukhetha ukumiswa kwama-rack okulungile kubalulekile.

Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ngokujulile ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo zokuqopha izinto ezigcina impahla, umthelela wazo ekusebenzeni kahle, kanye nokuthi ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele kungawuguqula kanjani umsebenzi wendlu yokugcina izinto. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usetha indawo yokugcina impahla entsha noma uthuthukisa esivele sikhona, imininingwane enikezwe lapha izokusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nemigomo yebhizinisi lakho.

Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezinhlelo Zokudwengula kanye Nezicelo Zazo

Isisekelo sokwenza kahle kwe-warehouse siqala ngokuqonda izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zamarakhi ezitholakalayo kanye nemisebenzi yazo ehlosiwe. Amasistimu amarakhi aklanyelwe ukubhekelela izidingo ezihlukene zesitoreji, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo, nezakhiwo zendlu yokugcina impahla. Ukukhetha isistimu efanele kusho ukuyihlanganisa kahle nezidingo zakho zokusebenza, izici ze-inventory, nemishini yokusingatha.

I-pallet racking ingenye yezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo nezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ivumela ukufinyelela okuqondile kuphalethi ngayinye, iyenze ifaneleke ezinqolobaneni ezidinga ukushintshwa komkhiqizo okuvamile noma lapho inzuzo yokusungula iphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-drive-in noma ama-drive-through racking systems akhulisa ukuminyana kwesitoreji ngokuvumela ama-forklift ukuthi angene emigwaqweni yokubeka ukuze alayishe futhi abuyise ama-pallet. Lezi zinhlelo zifanele izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezinenani elikhulu lezimpahla ezifanayo, lapho ukulawulwa kwesitoko ku-First-In, Last-Out (FILO) kwamukelekile.

Ama-Push-back racking kanye ne-pallet flow racking systems aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwesitoreji kuyilapho kugcinwa ukufinyelela okuphumelelayo. I-Push-back racking isebenzisa amakalishi ahamba kojantshi abathambekile, okuvumela amaphalethi ukuthi agcinwe ajule kaningi, kuyilapho i-pallet flow racking isebenzisa ama-roller ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlelo Lokuqala Lokungena, Lokuqala Lokuphuma (FIFO), olubalulekile emikhiqizweni ebolayo noma ezwela isikhathi.

Ukukhetha isistimu yamarakhi efanelekile kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa usayizi womkhiqizo, isisindo, izinga lenzuzo, nezisetshenziswa zokuphatha. Isibonelo, ama-racking akhethiwe anikeza ukufinyeleleka okuphezulu kodwa ukuminyana kwesitoreji esiphansi, kuyilapho ama-racking oshayelayo akhuphula ukuminyana kodwa kunciphisa indawo yendlela kanye nokufinyelela kwe-pallet. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izinhlobo zomkhiqizo wakho nezinqubo ze-warehouse zihambisana kanjani nalezi zinketho.

Kafushane, ukuqonda ukuthi isistimu yamarakhi ngayinye inikeza ini kanye nomthelela wayo wokusebenza kubeka isisekelo sokwenza ukukhetha okunolwazi oluhambisana nezidingo ezihlukile zendlu yakho yokugcina izinto.

Ukwandisa Ukuphumelela Kwesikhala Se-Warehouse Ngokuqoqwa Kwamasu

Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa indawo yokugcina impahla ukwandisa isikhala esisebenzisekayo, esithinta ngokuqondile umthamo wokulondoloza kanye nokugeleza kokusebenza. Amasistimu amarakhi anethonya elikhulu ekutheni indawo yokugcina impahla isetshenziswa kanjani ngempumelelo. Ukukhetha isistimu elungile kungavula amandla afihliwe ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sakho, kufake i-inventory eyengeziwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandiswa okumba eqolo.

Ukwenziwa ngcono kwesikhala kuqala ngokuhlola indawo etholakalayo yaphansi, ukuphakama kosilingi, kanye nemikhawulo yesakhiwo. Uphahla oluphakeme lunikeza ithuba lokufaka ama-racks amade, okwandisa isitoreji esiqondile. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha kwesistimu ye-racking kumele kuhambisane nalezi zinhlaka zomzimba. Isibonelo, amarakhi ephalethi akhethiwe anganwetshwa aqonde phezulu kodwa adinga ama-aisles abanzi uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu okushayela ngaphakathi, anganciphisa ngokumangalisayo ububanzi bendawo kodwa adinge ukujula okubalulekile kuma-rack.

Ngaphezu kwezinkinga zomzimba, ukuhamba komsebenzi kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kusize ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba sama-forklift nama-opharetha. Ukucushwa kwamarakhi okuhlelwe kahle kungavumela izindlela zokukhetha ezifinyeleleka kalula, kunciphise ukubambezeleka, futhi kuthuthukise nokuphepha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini yokubeka amasu ingavumelana nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo, iqinisekise ukuguquguquka njengezinhlobo zokusungula kanye namavolumu aguqukayo. Amasistimu ama-racking e-modular, angahlelwa kabusha noma anwetshwe, ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esingaka. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kusiza ukugwema ukuphelelwa yisikhathi lapho imigqa yomkhiqizo ihlukahluka noma imisebenzi ye-warehouse ishintsha.

Ekugcineni, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwendawo yokugcina izimpahla kumayelana nokulinganisa ukuminyana kwesitoreji nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. Uhlelo olulungile lokubeka amarakhi, olwakhelwe indawo yakho kanye nephrofayili yomkhiqizo, luqinisekisa ukuthi uzuza kakhulu kulo lonke unyawo lwesikwele kanye ne-cubic foot esitolo sakho.

Iqhaza Lezinhlelo Zokuqopha Ekuthuthukiseni Ukuphepha Kwesitolo

Ukuphepha akufanele nanini kushaywe indiva emzamweni wokuthuthukisa. Indawo egcina impahla ijwayele ukuba nezingozi ezidalwa ukungaphathwa kahle komkhiqizo, ukushayisana kwemishini, noma ingqalasizinda enganele. Amasistimu amarakhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni indawo ephephile yabo bobabili abasebenzi nempahla egciniwe, ukunciphisa ubungozi nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yezokuphepha.

Okokuqala, uhlelo lwe-racking oluklanywe kahle luhlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa okufanele komthwalo kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo ukusekela ama-pallet asindayo. Ama-rack aphansi noma akhethwe ngokungafanele angase awe ngaphansi kwesisindo noma umthelela, okuholela ekulimaleni nomonakalo obizayo. Lapho kukhethwa ama-rack, kufanele kuqashelwe izindinganiso zekhwalithi, njengokuhambisana namakhodi okuphepha kazwelonke noma amazwe ngamazwe, kanye namandla okuthwala isisindo engxenye ngayinye yokubeka.

Okwesibili, ukwakheka kwama-racking kunomthelela ekuhambeni nokubonakala kwethrafikhi. Ama-rack-high-density racks angase akhawulele ukubonakala kwabaqhubi be-forklift, okwandisa ingozi yokushayisana. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa izici zokuphepha njengezinsimbi zokugada, imigoqo yokuvikela, namaphasishi amakwe ngokucacile kubalulekile. Ukukhetha ama-rack anobude obulungisekayo obuguquguqukayo kungathuthukisa ukuguquguquka ukuze ugcine ngokuphephile osayizi abahlukahlukene bemikhiqizo ngaphandle kokufaka ubungozi bokungazinzi.

Ukwengeza, ukuphepha emsebenzini kungathuthukiswa ngokukhetha amasistimu amarakhi anobungani be-ergonomically anciphisa ukugoba okungadingekile, ukufinyelela, noma ukukhuphuka. Ukufinyeleleka kalula kwezinto ezigciniwe kunciphisa amathuba okulimala kanzima futhi kukhulisa ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi.

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwamasistimu amarakhi nakho kuyingxenye yesu elibanzi lokuphepha. Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi ngokusebenza endaweni egcwele imigwaqo kuqinisa izinqubo eziphephile, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zohlelo olufanele lokudwengula zitholakala ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwezigameko ezincane.

Sekukonke, amasistimu amarakhi anikela ngakho kokubili ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile ekuphepheni kwendawo yokugcina impahla, okwenza ukukhetha kwabo okucatshangelwe kahle kube ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphatha indawo yokugcina impahla.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuphathwa Kwempahla Nokufinyeleleka NgeRacking Elungile

Ukuphathwa kahle kwe-inventory kuncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yesitoreji. Isistimu yokuqopha efanele iqondisa izinqubo ezinjengokushintshaniswa kwesitoko, ukukhetha, nokulawulwa kwempahla, ekugcineni ithuthukise ukunemba futhi inciphise izikhathi zokugcwalisa i-oda.

Ukufinyeleleka kuyisici esibalulekile esithonywa ukukhetha kwama-racking. Amasistimu afana ne-pallet racking ekhethiwe ahlinzeka ngokufinyelela okuqondile kuwo wonke amaphalethi, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bakhethe ngokushesha noma abale i-inventory, kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka namaphutha. Ngokuphambene, amasistimu okuminyana okuphezulu angase abeke engcupheni ukufinyeleleka kodwa anxephezelise ngokwandisa umthamo wesitoreji. Ukuqonda ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuminyana kanye nesivinini sokufinyelela kubalulekile lapha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiselelwa okuthile kwama-racking kusiza ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ngezigaba. Isibonelo, amasistimu ama-flow rack akhuthaza ukuzungeziswa kwempahla ye-FIFO, ebalulekile ezimpahleni ezibolayo noma imikhiqizo eneshelufu elinganiselwe. Ukunyakaza okulawulwayo okutholakala kulezi zinhlelo kunciphisa ukonakala futhi kuthuthukisa ukusha kwesitoko.

Ukubamba isitokwe okunembile nangempumelelo kungenye inzuzo ehlinzekwa ngamarakhi afanelekile. Ama-racks abekwe kahle anamalebula acacile kanye nokuqoqwa komkhiqizo okunengqondo kwenza ukubalwa kwempahla kube lula. Lesi sakhiwo sisekela ukubikezela kwesidingo esingcono futhi sinciphisa ukungezwani okungase kuphazamise amaketanga okunikezela.

Ukuhlanganiswa ne-warehouse management systems (WMS) kuyisici esivelayo ekwakhiweni kwama-racking. Ukukhetha amasistimu athuthukisiwe ngamarakhi azenzakalelayo, afana nezinhlelo zokugcina ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokubuyisa (AS/RS), azigcini nje ngokulungiselela isikhala kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukubonakala kwempahla nokunemba ngokulandelela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela.

Kafushane, uhlelo olulungile lokuqopha lunesandla ekuphathweni kwempahla okushelelayo ngokuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, ukwenza lula amasu okuzungezisa, nokusekela ukuhlanganisa kobuchwepheshe, konke okukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza.

Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko kanye Nenani Lesikhathi Eside Lokukhetha Uhlelo Olufanele Lokuqopha

Ukutshala imali ohlelweni olufanele lokuqoqa imali kudlula izindleko zokuqala; kuyisinqumo esibucayi esithinta kokubili ukuhamba kwemali kwesikhashana kanye nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside. Nakuba kungase kulinge ukukhetha isixazululo esinezindleko eziphansi, ukubheka okubanzi kwevelu kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kuqinisekisa izinzuzo eziqhubekayo.

Izindleko zangaphambili zamasistimu amarakhi ahlukene ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto zokwakha, ubunkimbinkimbi, namandla. I-pallet racking ngokuvamile ithengeka kakhulu ekuqaleni, kuyilapho amasistimu azenzakalelayo noma akhethekile adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu ashibhile angase angahambelani kahle nezidingo ezithile ze-warehouse, okuholela ekungasebenzini kahle okukhuphula izindleko zokusebenza.

Inani lesikhathi eside lihlanganisa izici ezifana nokuqina, izindleko zokunakekela, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo. Ama-racks ekhwalithi ephezulu anciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa futhi asekele ukusebenza okuphephile. Amasistimu angahlelwa kabusha njengoba izidingo zebhizinisi zishintsha zigwema ukulungisa okumba eqolo noma ukushintshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukonga okusebenzayo okutholwe ekukhuleni kokuminyana kwesitoreji, inzuzo esheshayo yempahla, kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe zabasebenzi zinomthelela ekuthetheleleni okuphelele kwezimali. Isibonelo, izixazululo zesitoreji eziminyene zingase zinciphise isidingo sokunwetshwa, ukonga izindleko zezindlu ezithengiswayo, kuyilapho amasistimu okufinyelela kalula angathuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela umthelela ezindlekweni ezihambisanayo, njengamandla (okwenziwa lula ukugeleza komoya ekwakhiweni kwamarack) kanye nomshwalense (ongathonywa irekhodi lokuphepha nokwethembeka kwemishini).

Ukusebenzelana nabahlinzeki abanolwazi kanye nokuhlaziya izidingo eziphelele kuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo se-racking silingana nesabelomali kuyilapho sihambisana nemigomo esebenza kahle. Ekugcineni, ukuhlolwa kwenhloso yezindleko nevelu phezu komjikelezo wempilo wesistimu kuqondisa izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu zezezimali zendlu yakho yokugcina impahla.

Sengiphetha, nakuba isinqumo sokuqala singase sibonakale sinzima, ukukhetha isistimu yokuqopha esekelwe enanini lesikhathi eside esikhundleni sezindleko ezingaphambili kuveza izinzuzo zokusebenza eziqhubekayo kanye nomphetho wokuncintisana oqinile.

Kafushane, ukunquma isistimu yokurakhi efanele kuwumzamo onezici eziningi ongathonya kakhulu ukwenziwa kwe-warehouse. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-rack kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo ngamasu, ukubeka phambili ukuphepha, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwe-inventory, nokuhlola izindleko nge-lens yesikhathi eside, amabhizinisi abeka isiteji sokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukukhetha okucatshangelwayo okuklanyelwe izidingo ezihlukile zendlu yakho yokugcina izinto kukhuthaza ukuguquguquka, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphepha, okudala isisekelo esiqinile sokukhula okungaka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zici zicatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngeke nje kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwakho kwendawo yokugcina impahla kodwa futhi kuzolungiselela imisebenzi yakho ukuze ihlangabezane nezinselele namathuba esikhathi esizayo.