I-Essential Guide to Warehouse Racking Systems

Amasistimu amarakhi e-warehouse ayinsika yokugcina kahle kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla kunoma iyiphi indawo yezimboni noma yezohwebo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa inqolobane encane noma isikhungo esikhulu sokusabalalisa, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamasistimu okugqekeza kanye nezinzuzo zawo ezihlukile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni kwakho kokusebenza. Ukwenza lula isitoreji ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo kuholela ezikhathini zokubuyisa ngokushesha, ukuncipha kwezindleko zabasebenzi, nokuphepha kwendawo yokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokwethula emicabangweni ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuqopha impahla, unikeze ukuqonda ukukusiza ukuthi ukhethe ukusetha okufanelekile okuhambisana nezidingo zakho ezithile.

Ukuzulazula ezinkethweni eziningi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ehlobene namarakhi kungase kuzwakale kungaphezu kwamandla, kodwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezibalulekile nezinhlobo kusiza ukwenza lula inqubo yokwenza izinqumo. Kusukela kuma-rack endabuko kuya kumasistimu azenzakalelayo ashintshayo, amathuba maningi, futhi ukukhetha okulungile kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho kwe-warehouse iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela indawo entsha noma uthuthukisa esivele sikhona, ulwazi oluqukethwe lapha luhlose ukuhlomisa wonke umphathi we-warehouse, opharetha, nomhleli wezokuthutha ngamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze enze kahle.

Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zama-Warehouse Racking Systems

Amasistimu amarakhi e-warehouse afika ngezinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokulondoloza kanye nokusebenza. Ifomu elivame kakhulu uhlelo lokuqoqwa kwe-pallet olukhethiwe, olunikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kuwo wonke ama-pallet, okwenza kube ekahle ezinqolobaneni ezinohlu oluhlukahlukene kanye nokuzungeza isitoko okuvamile. Lolu hlobo luvumela izinto ukuthi zigcinwe emazingeni ahlukene futhi lunikeza ukuguquguquka ekucushweni kwesitoreji, ukusekela ububanzi obubanzi bosayizi we-pallet. Ama-racks akhethiwe ayabiza kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi, kodwa avame ukudinga indawo ye-passe eyengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasistimu.

Olunye uhlobo oludumile i-drive-in noma i-drive-through racking system. Idizayinelwe indawo yokugcina abantu abaningi, le ndlela ivumela ama-forklift ukuthi ashayele ngqo endaweni yokubeka ukuze agcine futhi akhiphe ama-pallet. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni futhi lulungele ukugcina inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ilandela isimiso sokuphatha isitokwe se-Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) sama-rack-in racks kanye ne-First-In, First-Out (FIFO) yama-rack-through racks, okusho ukuthi ukuhlela ngokucophelela kubalulekile ukuze ulawule ukujikeleza kwesitoko ngempumelelo.

I-Push-back racking iveza ukuvumelana phakathi kwesitoreji esiminyana kakhulu nokufinyelela okukhethiwe. Iqukethe izinqola ezihamba ngomzila othambekele. Uma ulayisha i-pallet, iphusha ama-pallets kakade enqoleni emuva, futhi uma ukhulula, ama-pallets aya phambili ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa indlela ye-LIFO futhi ludinga amaphasishi ambalwa, luthuthukisa ukuminyana kwesitoreji ngenkathi lusanikeza ukufinyelela okulula uma kuqhathaniswa nama-rack-in racks.

Ama-cantilever racks alungele izinto ezinde noma ezinkulu njengamapayipi, izingodo, noma izinsimbi zensimbi. Lawa ma-rack afaka izingalo ezinwebeka ukusuka kumakholomu aqondile, okuvumela isitoreji ngaphandle kwemishayo yangaphambili, okwenza ukulayisha nokulayisha izinto ezinde kube lula. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nomklamo ovulekile, ama-cantilever racks avame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla ezinokwakheka okungavamile noma okukhulu kakhulu.

Okokugcina, amasistimu ama-racking eselula ayisixazululo esisha sokwandisa indawo yokugcina impahla. Njengoba efakwe ezisekelweni zamaselula, lawa ma-rack angahanjiswa ukuze avule indlela eyodwa phakathi kwawo njengoba kudingeka, akhulise kakhulu umthamo wokugcina ngokususa ama-aisles amaningi angashintshi. I-Racking ephathwayo kubiza kakhulu ukuyifaka kodwa ingaholela ekongeni kwesikhala kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe okuthuthukisiwe ezikhungweni lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Lapho Ukhetha Isistimu Yokuqopha

Ukukhetha isistimu yokuqopha efanele kuyisinqumo esinezici eziningi okufanele sihlanganise nokuhlaziywa kwezidingo zokusebenza, imininingwane yomkhiqizo, izidingo zokuphepha, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali. Okunye okucatshangelwayo okuphambili uhlobo lwe-inventory egcinwayo. Amasistimu okugcina kufanele enzelwe ukuhambisana nesisindo, usayizi, umumo, kanye nezinga lokushintshwa kwemikhiqizo yakho. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yevolumu ephezulu ingase izuze kuzinketho zesitoreji eziminyene njengamasistimu okushayela ngaphakathi, kuyilapho uhlu oluhlukahlukene olunokunyakaza okuvamile lungase ludinge ukusethwa kwamarakhi okufinyeleleka kakhudlwana.

Isakhiwo se-warehouse kanye nendawo etholakalayo nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ubukhulu nokuphakama kosilingi kunquma ukuthi ama-racks amade angakhiwa kanjani nokuthi indawo eqondile ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokufaka ukuphepha engozini. Ububanzi bendawo kungenye into ebalulekile: amaphasishi amancane akhulisa indawo yokugcina kodwa angakhawulela ukuhamba kwe-forklift, ikakhulukazi imishini emikhulu. Ukuhlola okokusebenza okusetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinto ezibonakalayo, noma ngabe ama-forklift alinganayo, amaloli okufinyelela, noma abaqoki bama-oda, kuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yamarakhi ihambisana nemishini yakho kunokuyivimba.

Ukucatshangelwa kwesabelomali akufanele kushaywe indiva. Izindleko zokuqala zekhephithali, izindleko zokufakwa, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa zesikhathi eside kufanele zihlolwe ndawonye. Nakuba amasistimu aminyana kakhulu njengama-rack eselula evame ukuba nezindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili, anganikeza ukonga kwezindleko zezindlu ezithengiswayo futhi athuthukise ukukhiqiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-rack alula alula angase athengeke kakhulu ekuqaleni kodwa angaholela ekungasebenzini kahle njengoba i-inventory ikhula.

Ukuphepha nokuthobela imithetho kubalulekile. Izakhiwo zamarakhi kufanele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zobunjiniyela kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphepha yendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yabasebenzi futhi kuvikelwe i-inventory. Izici ezifana nezixhumi zesiphetho se-beam, izivikeli eziqondile, nokuzamazama komhlaba kungasiza ukuvimbela izingozi. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela umthelela wezinto zemvelo ezifana nomswakamo, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, okungaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela.

Intuthuko ku-Warehouse Racking Technology

Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuyaqhubeka nokubumba kabusha indlela izindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziphatha ngayo isitoreji kanye nempahla. Izixazululo ze-Contemporary racking zihlanganise i-automation kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa amaphutha abantu. I-Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) imele ukugxumela phambili okukhulu, okuhunyushwa kuma-rack angewona nje amayunithi okugcina amile kodwa futhi namasistimu aguqukayo, alawulwa ngekhompuyutha. I-AS/RS ingabandakanya ama-shuttles, ama-cranes, noma izimoto zamarobhothi eziphatha isitoreji nokucosha imisebenzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenza kwe-forklift mathupha, ukusheshisa ukuhamba komsebenzi kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi.

Omunye umkhuba ovelayo ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ezishumekwe ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuqopha. Lezi zinzwa zingakwazi ukuqapha imithwalo yesisindo, zibone umonakalo, futhi ziqaphe izimo zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa noma umswakama, zithumele idatha yesikhathi sangempela kumasistimu okuphatha inqolobane. Leli zinga lokuqapha elihlakaniphile livumela ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kanye nokusabela ngokushesha ezingozini ezingaba khona, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokwelula impilo yesevisi yama-rack.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesoftware yokuphatha indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nezinhlelo zamarakhi nakho kuthuthuke kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ukuskena kwebhakhodi, ukumaka i-RFID, noma ubuchwepheshe bokubona okubukwayo, i-inventory ingalandelelwa ngokunembile phakathi kwezindawo zama-rack, okuvumela ukuqoqwa kwesitoko okushesha, okunembe kakhudlwana nokugcwaliswa kabusha. Lokhu kuxhumana kunciphisa amaphutha, kusiza ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku, futhi kusekela ukugeleza okungenazihibe kuwo wonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.

Enye intuthuko entsha amarobhothi eselula ahlanganiswe nama-racking, lapho amarobhothi eselula azimele (ama-AMR) asebenzisana nezakhiwo eziqanjiwe zokuqopha ukuze akhethe imikhiqizo futhi ayihambise eziteshini zokupakisha, eqhubeka nokwenza lula ukuhanjiswa kwempahla. Lezi zixazululo ziwusizo ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zokugcwaliseka kwe-e-commerce lapho isivinini nokunemba kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izindlela Zokulungisa Nokuphepha Zokuqolwa Kwempahla

Ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zokuqothuka kwempahla kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi nokwelula ukuphila kwezinto zokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kufanele kuhlelwe ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokulimala njengemishayo egobile, amashisela awonakele, noma ukugqwala kumarack. Lokhu kuhlola kufanele kwenziwe izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe eziqonda ukucaciswa komthwalo kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo sohlelo lwamarakhi.

Abasebenzi abaqeqeshayo bayingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina ukusebenza kuphephile. Abasebenzisi kufanele baqonde amandla okulayisha ama-rack kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezifanele. Ukulayisha ngokweqile kwamashalofu noma ukunqwabelana okungafanele kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwama-rack, okubeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nempahla. Ukusungula izimiso ezicacile zokuphepha nezimpawu kusiza ukuqinisa izinqubo ezinhle futhi kuxwayise wonke umuntu ngezingozi ezingaba khona.

Izinqubo zokulungisa amarack alimele kufanele zibandakanye isinyathelo esisheshayo sokushintsha noma ukuqinisa izingxenye ezithintekile. Abasebenzi abaningi bezindlu ezigcina izimpahla basebenzisa izesekeli zokuvikela ama-rack njengamakholomu onogada noma izivikeli zengalo zokubeka ukuze bamunce imithelela evela kuma-forklift, okuyimithombo evamile yokulimala kwama-rack. Ukwengeza, ukufaka inethi noma ukudekha ngocingo kuma-rack kusiza ukuvimbela izinto ekuweni emashalofini, kuthuthukise ukuphepha.

Ukugcina ama-rack ehlanzekile futhi engenawo udoti nakho kunendima ekunakekeleni. Ukunqwabelana kokungcola noma uketshezi oluchithekile kungabangela ukushelela noma ukusheshisa ukugqwala, ngakho-ke izindlela zokuhlanza ezivamile kufanele zibe yingxenye yezinqubo zokuhlanzeka kwendawo yonke. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-rack ahlala ehambisana nokushintsha kwamazinga nemithetho zokuphepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukukhulisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhala Ngemiklamo Yangokwezifiso Yokuqopha

Ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokugcina impahla kuyisihluthulelo sokukhulisa umthamo wokugcina kanye nokugeleza kokusebenza. Imiklamo yangokwezifiso yokubeka amarakhi ingenziwa ngendlela efanele ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezihlukile zesikhungo, kucatshangelwa izinhlobo zempahla, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo, kanye nezidingo zokuhamba komsebenzi. Izinkampani ezingochwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwendawo yokugcina izinto zivame ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ngokwezifiso ezingabandakanya i-mezzanines enamazinga amaningi, amasistimu okuthutha ahlanganisiwe, noma ama-rack racks ahlanganisa isitoreji esikhethiwe nesinokuminyana okuphezulu.

Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwesakhiwo sendlu yokugcina impahla kukhomba izikhala ezingasetshenziswa kancane njengama-nook, amakholomu, noma amakhona angasetshenzisiwe angaguqulelwa ezindaweni zokugcina izinto ngamarakhi angokwezifiso. Ukusebenzisa indawo eqondile ngokuyikho kubalulekile futhi, ikakhulukazi ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla ezinophahla oluphakeme, okuvumela ukuqoqwa kwama-multi-tier ngokufinyelela ngamakheshi noma phansi kwe-mezzanine. Izinsiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezifana nemishayo elungisekayo, amasheluvu e-modular, nezinanyathiselwa ezikhethekile zisiza ukulungisa ama-rack kumikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.

Ukufaka ama-racking aguquguqukayo nokunyukayo kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi alindele ukukhula noma ukushintshashintsha kwesizini kuhlu lwamagama. Amasistimu aklanywe ngezingxenye ze-modular avumela ukumiswa kabusha okusheshayo njengoba izidingo zishintsha, zigwema ukutshalwa kabusha okumba eqolo. Imiklamo yangokwezifiso yokubeka amarakhi ngokuvamile isebenzisana nemishini ezishintshayo ukuze idale izixazululo zokubamba izinto ezingenamthungo ezinciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba futhi zithuthukise ukuphuma.

Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahleli bezindlu ezigcina impahla, abahlinzeki bemishini, nonjiniyela bezikhungo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zihlangabezana kokubili namazinga okusebenza nokusebenza nokuphepha. Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo akunciphisi nje kuphela izindleko zokuqashisa nezokusebenza kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwezisebenzi ngokunciphisa amabanga okuhamba kanye nokuminyana ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina izimpahla.

Sengiphetha, izinhlelo zokuqopha i-warehouse racking zakha umgogodla wokuphatha okusebenzayo kwesitoreji. Ukukhetha isistimu efanele kudinga ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezinhlobo ezitholakalayo, izici ezithinta ukukhetha, izitayela zobuchwepheshe, nokucatshangelwa kokuphepha. Ubuchwepheshe obusha nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kuqhubekisela phambili ukukhiqiza nokuphepha, kuyilapho imiklamo eyenziwe ngezifiso ikhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo nokuvumelana nezimo.

Ngokuhlola kahle izidingo zakho ezithile zesitoreji kanye nokubonisana nezingcweti ezinolwazi, ungasebenzisa isistimu yokuqopha impahla esekela imigomo yebhizinisi lakho namuhla nezikali zesikhathi esizayo. Ukutshala isikhathi nezinsiza esixazululweni esifanele se-racking ekugcineni kubuyisela izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle, ukuphepha, nokonga izindleko, ukuthola inzuzo yokuncintisana emhlabeni osheshayo wokugcinwa kwempahla nokuhlelwa kwezinto.