Indlela Izixazululo Zokugcina Impahla Ezithuthukisa Ngayo Ukuphathwa Kwempahla

Isingeniso

Izindawo zokugcina impahla azigcini nje ngemigqa yamashalofu nama-pallet; ziwumgogodla wamaketanga okuhlinzeka agcina imikhiqizo igeleza isuka kubakhiqizi iye kubathengi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhizinisi lisebenzisa isikhungo esincane sokusabalalisa noma isikhungo sokugcwalisa esikhulu, izixazululo zokugcina ezisebenzayo zithinta ngqo ukunemba kwempahla, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Kulesi sihloko, uzothola ukuthi izinhlelo zokugcina eziklanywe ngokucabangela kanye nemikhuba ehambisanayo ziguqula kanjani amagumbi okugcina impahla angahlelekile abe izindawo ezilula nezibikezelwayo. Uma uphatha impahla, uqondisa imisebenzi yempahla, noma umane nje ufuna ukwazi ngokusebenza kahle kwempahla, qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuqonda okusebenzayo okungasetshenziswa ngokushesha.

Izigaba ezilandelayo zigxila ezicini ezibalulekile zezixazululo zokugcina impahla kanye nendlela ezifaka isandla ngayo ekuphathweni okungcono kwempahla. Kusukela ekwandiseni isikhala nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokukhetha kuya ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe besimanje nokulungiselela isidingo esishintshashintshayo, isigaba ngasinye sinikeza izincazelo ezinemininingwane nezisebenzisekayo. Le mibono iqondiswe kubaphathi bemisebenzi, ochwepheshe be-supply chain, kanye nabaninimabhizinisi abafuna intuthuko elinganisekayo.

Ukwandisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhala Ngokubeka Amashelufu Ahlelekile Nokuhlela Izinto Ezisemkhathini

Isikhala singenye yezinsiza ezibiza kakhulu nezintulekayo kunoma iyiphi indawo yokugcina impahla. Ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwaso akukhona nje ukufaka izinto eziningi ngaphakathi; kumayelana nokuklama ngobuhlakani indawo yokugcina izinto ukuze ihambisane nezici zempahla, amazinga okushintshana, kanye nemishini yokuphatha. Ukuqaliswa okunesu kwezinhlelo zokubeka amashelufu namashelufu kuqala ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kobukhulu be-SKU, isisindo, kanye nemvamisa yokukhetha. Izinto ezisindayo nezinkulu kufanele zinikezwe izinhlelo zokubeka amashelufu ama-pallet ezikwazi ukusekela umthwalo ngenkathi zihlinzeka ngezindawo zokubeka ama-forklift ezidingekayo. Ama-SKU alula, ahamba phambili angaphila kuma-rack okugeleza kwekhathoni noma emashelufini ahambayo ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuhamba kwabaqoqi. Uma lezi zinhlelo zihlanganiswa namayunithi okugcina impahla aqondile, ama-mezzanine, kanye nokulungiswa kwe-aisle encane, izindawo zokugcina impahla zingabuyisa ngempumelelo ivolumu ye-cubic elahlekile ngenkathi zigcina ukufinyelela nokubonakala okuphephile.

Isici esibalulekile sokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala yi-modularity. Ama-rack alungisekayo angalungiswa kabusha ukuze kube nokuphakama okuhlukene kwama-pallet noma ukujula kwamashalofu kuvumela indawo yokugcina impahla ukuthi izivumelanise nokushintsha kwemikhiqizo ngaphandle kokushintsha kwengqalasizinda okubizayo. Ama-rack ama-pallet anemishayo elungisekayo, isibonelo, angaphinde ahlukaniswe lapho kufika izinto zesizini noma lapho ubukhulu bomkhiqizo bushintsha ngenxa yokwakhiwa kabusha kwamaphakheji. Amayunithi eshalofu ahambayo anciphayo uma engasetshenziswa angakhulula isikhala se-aisle, kanti amazinga e-mezzanine angaphinda kabili noma kathathu indawo yephansi esebenzisekayo ngaphandle kokwandisa indawo yesakhiwo. Lezi zixazululo ziwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma eziqashiswa kakhulu lapho ukunwetshwa okuvundlile kungenzeki khona.

Elinye isu ukwenza ngcono indawo, okuvumelanisa ukubekwa kwe-SKU nezimfanelo zayo zomzimba kanye namaphethini okufunwa. Ngokuhlaziya idatha yokukhetha umlando, izindawo zokugcina impahla zingagxila izinto ezihamba ngokushesha ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula, zinciphise isikhathi sokuhamba futhi zidale ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwesikhala esiyinhloko. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezindawo kuhambisana nezinhlelo zokugcina ezizinikele zesitayela esithile sokuphatha - indawo yokugcina izinto eziningi kakhulu, indawo yokugcina amabhokisi ezingxenye ezincane, kanye nama-flow racks ezimpahla ezithinta isikhathi noma ezibolayo. Ukuqondanisa kahle uhlobo lokugcina ne-SKU kunciphisa isidingo sezindawo ezinkulu noma izindawo zokubeka izinto eziningi kakhulu, okuholela ngqo ekusebenzeni kahle kwesikhala.

Ngaphezu kwamasu okwakha nokuhlela, kunezindlela zokuphatha izinto ezibonakalayo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwama-forklift anomhubhe obanzi nowe-aisle onomhubhe, isibonelo, kuthonya indlela ama-racking aqinile angafakwa ngayo. Ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile njengamaloli e-aisle amancane kakhulu (i-VNA) kuvumela ukuminyana kwama-rack okuphezulu ngezindleko zejika lokufunda kanye nokushintshana kwesivinini okungenzeka, kodwa ukwanda okubangelwa umthamo wokugcina kungathethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zokugcina nokubuyisa ezenzakalelayo (i-AS/RS) zingapakisha izimpahla ngokuxinene ngokuqeda isidingo sokufinyelela kwabantu kuzo zonke izindawo, zisebenzisa amarobhothi ukulanda izinto ngqo lapho kudingeka. Ngenkathi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kuthwala izindleko ezinkulu zangaphambilini, ngemisebenzi enamaphrofayili e-SKU abikezelwayo kanye nomphumela ophezulu, izinzuzo zobuningi zinganciphisa izindleko zokuthwala impahla iyonke.

Okokugcina, ukuphepha nokufinyeleleka akufanele neze kuncishiswe ngenxa yobuningi. Izilinganiso ezifanele zomthwalo, ukulebula okucacile, kanye nobubanzi obanele bendlela yokuphuma okuphuthumayo kumele kugcinwe. Izakhiwo zokuhlela kufanele zivumelane nokuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kanye nomonakalo wempahla ebizayo. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngendlela ehlelekile nangokuphephile, izindawo zokugcina impahla zingasebenza kahle kakhulu, zinciphise ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwempahla ngokubonakala okungcono, futhi zidale izimo zokuzwa ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe inqubo enembile nesheshayo yempahla ethengiswayo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukunemba Kwempahla Ngokusebenzisa I-Barcode, i-RFID, kanye Nokuhlanganiswa kwe-WMS

Ukunemba kwempahla kuyisisekelo sokusebenza kahle kweketanga lokuphakelwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokugcina impahla ihlelwe kahle kangakanani ngokomzimba, ukubalwa okunganembile kuholela ekupheleni kwesitokwe, ukugcwala ngokweqile, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi kwamakhasimende. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zebhakhodi, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID, kanye nohlelo lokuphatha indawo yokugcina impahla oluqinile (i-WMS) kusungula umkhondo onembile nongahlolwa we-SKU ngayinye kanye nokuthengiselana, kunciphisa amaphutha abantu futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo.

Ukubhala ikhodi kusewubuchwepheshe obusakazeke kakhulu bokukhetha, ukupakisha, nokwamukela kwansuku zonke. Amalebula ebhakhodi kuma-pallet, emabhokisini, nezinto ngazinye avumela ama-scanner ukuthi abambe ubunikazi be-SKU, izinombolo ze-batch, namakhodi endawo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuthwebula okuzenzakalelayo kususa ukubhalwa ngesandla, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokungalungi kwesitoko. Uma amabhakhodi ebhangqwa nemikhuba yokubala imijikelezo, i-WMS ingavumelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukungafani futhi iveze izimbangela eziyinhloko, njengokukhetha okungalungile njalo ezindaweni ezijika kakhulu noma ukuthola amaphutha ezindaweni ezithile. Izinhlelo zebhakhodi zisebenza kahle futhi ziyakhuliswa kakhulu, okwenza zibe yisinyathelo sokuqala esifanele sezindawo zokugcina impahla ezifuna ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe.

I-RFID inikeza olunye ungqimba lwamandla ngokuvumela ukufundwa okungabonakali kanye nokubalwa kwempahla ngobuningi. Amathegi e-RFID kuma-pallet noma emabhokisini angafundwa njengoba edlula kuma-portal noma ethuthwa ngabathuthi, okusheshisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwempahla futhi kunikeze ukubonakala okuseduze nesikhathi sangempela. Ezindaweni ezikude noma ezinabantu abaningi, ama-portal e-RFID angalandelela ukunyakaza ngaphandle kokumisa imisebenzi, anciphise isidingo sokuskena ngesandla futhi andise ijubane ledatha yendawo enembile. Lapho kudingeka khona ukulandelela - njengasemithini noma ezimpahleni ezinenani eliphezulu - i-RFID ingarekhoda izinombolo ze-serial kanye nochungechunge lokugcinwa ngokuthembekile kakhulu kunokuskena kwebhakhodi okwenziwa ngabantu.

I-WMS ephakathi isebenza njengobuchopho obuchaza idatha yokuskena, iphoqelele imithetho yebhizinisi, futhi ithuthukise ukugeleza kwempahla. Amapulatifomu e-WMS athuthukisiwe ahlangana ngqo nezikena zebhakhodi kanye nabafundi be-RFID, abuyekeza amarekhodi empahla ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokwamukela, ukulahla, ukuqoqa, kanye nokuthumela. Avumela ukufakwa kwempahla okusekelwe emithethweni, akhiqize izinhlelo zokubala umjikelezo, futhi ahlinzeke ngamadeshibhodi okuqapha ukungafani. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuhlela izinsiza zebhizinisi (i-ERP) kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga empahla abonakala kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuthenga, zokuthengisa, kanye nezezimali, kuvimbele izimpawu ezingqubuzanayo eziholela ezinkingeni zesitoko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WMS ingaphoqelela imingcele efana ne-FIFO noma i-FEFO, iqondise ngokuzenzakalelayo abaqoqi ezindaweni ezifanele kanye nama-batches ukuze kuncishiswe ukonakala kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali.

Ikhwalithi yedatha nayo ibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa njalo, ukulinganiswa kwamadivayisi okuskena, kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuskena kugcina uhlelo luthembekile. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngamasu okuskena afanele, ukuphathwa kwamalebula, kanye nokubika okuhlukile kunciphisa amaphutha abantu angasakazeka ohlelweni. Lapho ubuchwepheshe buhlanganiswa nezinqubo eziqondisiwe - isibonelo, ezidinga ukuskena kuzo zonke izindawo zokuthengiselana kanye nokuvumelanisa okuhlukile ngokushesha - ukunemba kwesitoko kuthuthuka kakhulu, ngokuvamile kusuka emaphutheni ephesenti elilodwa kuya ekubonakaleni okucishe kuphelele kwama-SKU abalulekile.

Okokugcina, ukuhlaziya okunikwe amandla yi-WMS kanye nedatha yokuskena kunikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo. Amaphethini okungafani kokukhetha, izimpahla ezonakele, noma ukwamukela ukuxubana kungabonakala futhi kulungiswe. Ukulungiswa kokubikezela kwemishini yokuphatha kungahlelwa lapho izitayela zedatha zibonisa ukuwohloka, kuvimbele ukuphazamiseka okungase kubangele ukumiswa kwempahla noma izaphulelo. Sekukonke, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bebhakhodi, i-RFID, kanye ne-WMS kunikeza ukunemba kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuzithiba kokusebenza okudingekayo ukuphatha impahla ngendlela ephumelelayo kunokuba ngendlela ephendulayo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokukhetha Ngokusebenzisa Izakhiwo Ezihlelekile Nezindlela Zokukhetha

Ukukhetha umsebenzi odinga kakhulu abasebenzi ezindaweni zokugcina impahla futhi ngokuvamile kuwumthombo ohamba phambili wezindleko zokusebenza namaphutha. Ukukhetha izindlela zokukhetha ezifanele nokuklama izakhiwo ezinciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba kanye nokudideka kungathinta kakhulu isivinini kanye nokunemba. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvumelanisa isu lokukhetha namaphrofayili e-oda: ama-oda amancane adinga amaqhinga ahlukene kune-full-case noma ama-pallet picks. Izindlela ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukukhetha indawo, ukukhetha amagagasi, ukukhetha ama-batch picking, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhetha ukukhanya, ngayinye inezinzuzo ezenzelwe ukuphuma, ukuguquguquka kwe-SKU, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwabasebenzi.

Ukukhetha indawo kuhlukanisa indawo yokugcina impahla ibe yizindawo ezihlukene lapho abaqoqi bephethe khona konke ukukhetha ngaphakathi kwendawo yabo. Lokhu kunciphisa amabanga okuhamba ngezinyawo futhi kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, kodwa kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okucophelelayo ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okungenamthungo phakathi kwezindawo. Ukukhetha amagagasi kuhlanganisa ukukhetha kuma-oda amaningi, kukhulula imisebenzi eqoqwe phansi kumagagasi ahleliwe athuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini futhi avimbele izithiyo ngesikhathi sokupakisha nokuthumela. Ukukhetha ngamaqoqo kuhlanganisa ama-oda afanayo ukuze umqoqi akwazi ukuqoqa ama-SKU amaningi ngephasi elilodwa, okusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ama-oda amaningi equkethe izinto ezifanayo ezijika phezulu. I-WMS kufanele ilungiselelwe ukusekela indlela ekhethiwe, ikhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlu lokukhetha oluthuthukisa ukulandelana futhi lunciphise ukuminyana.

Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukubeka ama-SKU avame kakhulu eduze kwezindawo zokupakisha nezokuthumela kunciphisa izikhathi zokuhamba futhi kusheshise ukugcwaliseka kwe-oda. Ukuklama izindlela zokukhetha ukuze zibe nengqondo - okungcono kakhulu ngephethini ye-loop noma ye-serpentine egwema ukubuyela emuva - kugcina ukunyakaza kugeleza futhi kubikezelwe. Ukubekwa kwezindawo ezinqamula imigwaqo kanye nezindawo zokubeka izigaba ezibekwe kahle kungavimbela ama-chokepoints ngesikhathi sezinkathi eziphakeme. Emisebenzini edinga kokubili ukukhethwa kwecala kanye nokukhethwa kwezingcezu, ukubekwa kwezigaba ezimbili noma ubuso bokukhetha obuzinikele bokukhetha okuxubile kunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemisebenzi ehlukene.

Ubuchwepheshe busekela ukusebenza kahle kokukhetha ngamathuluzi afana nokukhetha kusuka ekukhanyeni, ukukhetha ngezwi, kanye nezikena ezigqokwayo. Izinhlelo zokukhetha kusuka ekukhanyeni ziqondisa abakhethi ngezinkomba ezikhanyisiwe, zinciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokusesha kanye namaphutha ama-SKU anomthamo ophezulu. Ukukhetha okuqondiswe ngezwi kukhulula izandla namehlo futhi kungathuthukisa ukunemba ezindaweni ezishintshashintshayo lapho kudingeka khona imishini yokusebenza noma ukuphakamisa okunzima. Izikena ezigqokwayo kanye namadivayisi e-augmented reality (AR) ubuchwepheshe obusha obuhlanganisa imiyalelo yokukhetha ngokubonakalayo, okwenza abakhethi bakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha ngenkathi begcina ukunemba. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kulezi zobuchwepheshe kuvame ukuqinisekiswa ngokonga izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomthamo omkhulu noma ze-e-commerce.

Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokucabangela i-ergonomic akufanele kunganakwa. Izindawo zokusebenza ezikhululekile, ezikhanyiswe kahle, neziphephile kunciphisa ukukhathala namaphutha. Izinqubo zokukhetha ezijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi eziteshini zokupakisha, kanye nezikhuthazo ezihambisana nekhwalithi (hhayi isivinini kuphela) kusiza ukugcina ukunemba okuphezulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa ama-KPI afana nokukhetha ngehora, izinga lamaphutha, kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo we-oda kuvumela abaphathi ukuthi baphinde bathuthukise inqubo futhi baxazulule ngokushesha izinkinga. Lapho isu lokukhetha, ukwakheka, kanye nobuchwepheshe kuhambisana, ukugcwaliseka kuyashesha, kunembe kakhulu, futhi kukhuliswe.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphepha, Ukuthobela Imithetho, kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwempahla

Ukuphepha nokuthobela imithetho kuhambisana nokuphathwa kwempahla. Izimpahla ezonakele noma ezingaphathwanga kahle, izingozi eziphazamisa ukusebenza, kanye nokungalandeli imithetho konke kungalimaza ukunemba kwempahla, kwandise izindleko, futhi kulimaze idumela lenkampani. Indlela ephelele yokuphepha nokuthobela imithetho iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba kwempahla ngenkathi kugcinwa ukunamathela okusemthethweni nokulawulayo, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini eziphatha ukudla, imithi, noma izinto eziyingozi.

Ukuphepha kwempahla yokugcina impahla kuqala ngokulungiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nemishini. Izinhlelo zokuhlela ezilinganiswe kahle, izinqubo zokubeka amaphalethi ezivikelekile, kanye namashejuli okuhlola njalo kuvimbela ukuwa nokulahleka komkhiqizo. Izimpawu ezicacile, imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo ephawuliwe, kanye namaphethini omgwaqo acacisiwe ama-forklift kanye neminye imishini enamandla kunciphisa ingozi yokushayisana. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha zabasebenzi nabaqoqi, kuhlanganiswe nesitifiketi semishini ekhethekile njengamaloli okufinyelela, kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi baphatha impahla ngokuphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ergonomic njengemishini yokusiza ekuphakamiseni kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezilungisekayo ukuphakama kunciphisa ukulimala kokucindezeleka okungaholela ekuphutheni nasekuswelekeni kokusebenza.

Izidingo zokuthobela imithetho ziyahlukahluka ngokwemboni kodwa zihlala zithinta indlela okugcinwe futhi kuphathwe ngayo impahla. Isibonelo, izimpahla ezizwela amazinga okushisa zidinga izindawo zokugcina eziqashwe ngokucophelela kanye nokubhaliswa kokuhlolwa; imithi kumele igcine ukulandelelwa kwezindawo kanye namarekhodi aqinile ochungechunge lokugcinwa; imikhiqizo yokudla ivame ukudinga izinqubomgomo zokujikeleza kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungcola. Ukusebenzisa ukufinyelela okulawulwayo ezindaweni ezithile, ukugcina izilawuli zemvelo ngama-alamu, kanye nokusebenzisa ukupakishwa okusobala ukuthi kukhona ukuphazamiseka konke kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho. I-WMS ingaphoqelela imithetho yokulawula ngokusebenzisa izixwayiso zesistimu kanye nezinyathelo zokuskena eziphoqelekile, inikeze umkhondo ohlolwayo owenza kube lula ukuhlolwa kanye nokubuyiselwa emuva.

Ukuvikelwa kwempahla kuhlanganisa nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokuvimbela ukwebiwa kanye nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Izilawuli zokufinyelela, ukumbozwa kwe-CCTV, kanye nezinqubo zokubuyisana kwempahla kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Izinhlelo zokubala imijikelezo kanye nezinqubo zokuphenya ngomehluko zithola ukungalingani kusenesikhathi, okuvumela izinyathelo zokulungisa ngokushesha. Ezinto ezinenani eliphezulu, izindawo zokugcina ezihlukanisiwe, amakheji akhiyiwe, noma amathegi okuphepha ezintweni ngazinye anikeza isivikelo esengeziwe. Ukuhlolwa njalo kokuphepha kanye nokuhlolwa kwesizinda sabasebenzi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuncipha.

Ukulungela inhlekelele kungenye isici esibalulekile. Izinhlelo zesimo esiphuthumayo zemililo, izikhukhula, noma ukucima kukagesi okuhlanganisa amasu okusindisa impahla egciniwe, ukugcinwa kwedatha yokuthengiselana ngaphandle kwendawo, kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa. Ezindaweni ezinamaklayenti amaningi noma imikhiqizo eminingi, imibhalo ecacile yomthwalo wemfanelo ngesikhathi senhlekelele ivimbela izingxabano futhi yenza kube lula ukululama ngokushesha. Ukumbozwa komshuwalense okwenzelwe iphrofayili ethile yempahla kufanele kubuyekezwe njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhambisana nokuchayeka kwengozi yamanje.

Sekukonke, ukuphepha, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokuvikelwa kwempahla akuzona izinto ezihambisanayo; kuyizingxenye eziyinhloko zokuphathwa kwempahla okuthembekile. Indawo yokugcina impahla ephephile ivikela abasebenzi nezimpahla, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, futhi igcina ukwethenjwa kwezinhlangano ezilawulayo kanye namakhasimende ngokufanayo.

Ukwamukela Imiklamo Yesitoreji Eguquguqukayo Nengakhula Yokushintshashintsha Kwezinkathi Nemakethe

Izidingo zemakethe kanye nokukhula kwebhizinisi akuvamile ukulandela umkhondo oqhubekayo. Izinga eliphakeme lesizini, ukwanda kokukhushulwa, kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezintandokazi zabathengi kudinga ukuthi izindawo zokugcina impahla zisheshe. Izinhlelo zokugcina izinto eziguquguqukayo nezikwaziyo ukwandiswa zisiza imisebenzi yokumunca ukuguquguquka ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu zemali noma ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Ukuhlela ukwandiswa kuhilela kokubili ukukhetha ingqalasizinda ebonakalayo kanye nemikhuba yokusebenza evumelana nezimo.

Izixazululo zokugcina eziguquguqukayo zibalulekile lapha. Ukubeka ama-rack alungisekayo, amashalofu aphathwayo angalungiswa kabusha, kanye namapulatifomu e-mezzanine angandiswa ngezigaba kuvumela indawo yokugcina impahla ukuthi yandise umthamo kancane kancane. Lapho isidingo sikhuphuka, amayunithi okugcina impahla aphathekayo kanye nezengezo zesikhashana ze-mezzanine zinganikeza impumuzo ngokushesha ngenkathi kuhlelwa izixazululo ezihlala njalo. Ukuqasha indawo yokugcina impahla eyengeziwe noma ukusebenzisa abahlinzeki bezinto zokuthutha (3PL) beqembu lesithathu kuyizinketho zokusebenza ezihambisana nengqalasizinda yangaphakathi engakhula, kodwa zidinga ukubonakala okusebenzayo kwempahla kanye nokuhlanganiswa ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlukana.

Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kuhambisana nokuguquguquka ngokomzimba. Abasebenzi abaqeqesha ndawonye ukuze benze imisebenzi eminingi - ukwamukela, ukuqoqa, ukupakisha - kuvumela ukwabiwa kwabasebenzi ukuthi kushintshe kanye nokuphakama komsebenzi. Ukusebenzisa amaphethini okushintsha aguquguqukayo kanye namachibi esikhashana abasebenzi kusiza ukugcina amazinga enkonzo ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwesizini ngaphandle kokukhulisa unomphela inani labasebenzi. Izinqubo ezijwayelekile kodwa eziguquguqukayo, ezisekelwa yi-WMS engalungisa izabelo zezindawo futhi ikhethe izinto eziza kuqala ngendlela eguquguqukayo, zivimbele ukudideka ngesikhathi sokwanda. Emisebenzini ye-e-commerce ebhekene nokuguquguquka kwansuku zonke, izikhungo zokugcwalisa okuncane eduze kwezindawo zasemadolobheni zingakhipha ingcindezi evela ezindaweni zokugcina impahla eziphakathi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwamaholide.

Ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ekukhuliseni ngempumelelo. Izinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ezifana nama-conveyor, ama-sorter, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina nokubuyisa ezenzakalelayo (AS/RS) zingafakwa ezigabeni ze-modular, okuvumela ukutshalwa kwezimali kancane kancane okuhambisana namaphethini esidingo. Amapulatifomu e-WMS asekelwe efwini kanye nokuhlaziya avumela ukwanda okusheshayo kwamandla okuthengiselana futhi anikeze ukubikezela okusebenzayo okusiza ukuhlela amazinga esitokwe kanye nezidingo zokugcina kusengaphambili. Ukulungiswa kwe-slotting okuqhutshwa ukubikezela, okwaziswa ngamaphethini okuthengisa omlando kanye namakhalenda okukhushulwa, kuqinisekisa ukuthi amafomethi okugcina afanele kakhulu anikezwa ngaphambi kwezinkathi eziphakeme.

Ukuphathwa kwezindleko kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kukhuliswa. Ukugcina impahla eningi ukuze kulungiselelwe iziqongo kwandisa izindleko zokuthwala kanye nengozi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kuyilapho ukungabi namasheya amaningi kubeka engcupheni ukulahlekelwa ukuthengisa. Ukumodelwa kwempahla okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa izikhathi zokuhola, ukuguquguquka kwesidingo, kanye nokubalwa kwesitoko sokuphepha, kusiza ukulinganisela lezi zindleko. Ukuhlela ngokubambisana nabaphakeli, okuhlanganisa nezivumelwano zesitoko esiphethwe ngumthengisi noma isitoko sokuphepha, kungasheshisa imikhawulo yokunikezwa futhi kunciphise isidingo sokugcina esiphuthumayo. Okokugcina, ukuhlela isimo kanye nokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwembula izithiyo kanye namaphuzu okwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, okuvumela abaphathi ukuthi basebenzise izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ngokuklama indawo yokugcina kanye nokusebenza ukuze kube nezimo nezimo futhi kukhuliswe, izindawo zokugcina impahla zingagcina amazinga esevisi ngokuhambisana nesidingo esishintshashintshayo, zilawule izindleko, futhi zisekele ukukhula ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwemali noma ukusebenza. Amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha aba yinzuzo yokuncintisana ezimakethe ezihamba ngokushesha.

Ukusebenzisa Idatha Nokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukusebenza Kwempahla

Ukwenza izinqumo okusekelwe kudatha kuguqula indawo yokugcina impahla kusukela ekusebenzeni okusekelwe ekuqondeni kuya kwisayensi. Izindlela zokuthuthukisa eziqhubekayo - njengeLean, Six Sigma, kanye neKaizen - kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziya okuqinile, kuqhuba izinzuzo eziqhubekayo kodwa ezinenjongo ekunembileni kwempahla, ukukhishwa kwayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusungula izilinganiso ezicacile kanye nezindlela zokubamba idatha ezithembekile. Izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile (ii-KPI) ezifana nokushintsha kwempahla, izinga lokunemba, isikhathi somjikelezo we-oda, izindleko zokuthwala nge-SKU ngayinye, kanye nezinga lokugcwalisa kunikeza isithombe esilinganiselayo sokusebenza futhi kugqamisa izindawo zokuthuthukiswa okuqondiwe.

Ukuqoqa idatha esezingeni eliphezulu kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kokuskena, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nezinqubo zokubuyisana. Uma idatha igeleza ngokuthembekile ohlelweni oluphakathi, ukuhlaziya kungaveza amaphethini kanye nezimbangela eziyinhloko. Isibonelo, ukungafani okuvamile endaweni ethile kungahlotshaniswa nokukhanya okunganele, ukulebula okudidayo, noma abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kabi. Ukuhlaziya okubikezelayo kungabikezela ukwanda kwesidingo, okuvumela izinguquko zokubeka izinto ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kanye nokulungiswa kwabasebenzi. Amamephu okushisa omsebenzi wokukhetha, akhiqizwe kusuka ku-WMS logs, abonisa ngokubonakalayo izindawo ezishisayo zokuhamba kanye nezindawo ezingasetshenziswa kahle, eqondisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo okunciphisa ukukhathala kwabakhethi futhi kuthuthukise ukuphuma kwamandla.

Imikhuba yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo yenza kube semthethweni ukuthi izinguquko zihlonzwa kanjani, zihlolwe, futhi zilinganiswe kanjani. Ukuhlolwa okuncane, okusheshayo — njengokushintsha ukulandelana kwezindlela zokukhetha noma ukulungisa osayizi bemigqomo yama-SKU athile — kungahlolwa kusetshenziswa izimiso zokuhlola ze-A/B, ukulinganisa imiphumela emazingeni amaphutha kanye nezikhathi zokukhetha. Izikhathi zokuphendula zabasebenzi zibalulekile: abasebenzi abangaphambili bavame ukwazi imikhawulo esebenzayo kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuxazulula izinkinga abaphathi abangase bazishaye indiva. Ukubandakanya abasebenzi ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo kwandisa ukwamukelwa futhi kuveza imibono eyengeziwe ethuthukisa i-ergonomics, ukunemba, kanye nesimo sengqondo.

Ukubambisana okusebenzayo kwandisa izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa okuqhutshwa idatha. Ukuhlanganisa amaqembu okuthenga, okuthengisayo, kanye nokusebenza ngokuhambisana nezilinganiso zesitoko esabiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlela ukunikezwa, amakhalenda okuphromotha, kanye nezakhiwo zokugcina izinto kuyahambisana. Imihlangano yokubuyekeza ejwayelekile ehlola ama-KPI kanye nemibiko yokukhetha iholela ezenzweni zokulungisa ezisheshayo kanye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa ngokwezindinganiso zemboni noma ukusebenza kontanga kusiza ukusetha imigomo engokoqobo kanye namathuba okuthuthukisa indawo.

Okokugcina, ukusungula isiko lokufunda okuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Ukuvuselelwa njalo kokuqeqeshwa, izikhathi zokwabelana ngolwazi, kanye nokuqashelwa kwamaqembu afinyelela ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe kuqinisa ukubaluleka kokuzuza okuqhubekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlela ehlelekile yokwenza ngcono okuqhutshwa idatha inciphisa ukuguquguquka, yehlisa izindleko zokusebenza, futhi ithuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, iguqula izixazululo zokugcina zibe yizimpahla zamasu kunokuba kube yizidingo zokusebenza nje.

Isiphetho

Izixazululo zokugcina impahla zingaphezu nje kokubeka amashelufu nama-rack angokoqobo; ziyizikhombisi zamasu ezibumba ukubonakala kwempahla, ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokukhula. Umklamo ocatshangelwe kahle wengqalasizinda yokugcina impahla, kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe obufanele kanye nezinqubo, kudala uhlelo oluqinile olusekela imigomo yebhizinisi futhi luphendula ngempumelelo ezindleleni zemakethe. Ngokuvumelanisa izinhlobo zokugcina impahla namaphrofayili e-SKU, ukuhlanganisa izixazululo zokuskena kanye ne-WMS, ukwenza ngcono izindlela zokukhetha, ukuphoqelela ukuphepha kanye nokuthobela imithetho, ukuvumela ukukhula, kanye nokwamukela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo okuqhutshwa idatha, izindawo zokugcina impahla zingafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, kanye namazinga angcono enkonzo.

Uma zihlanganiswa, lezi zindlela zakha indlela ephelele yokuphathwa kwempahla. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwesikhala, ukunemba, ukukhetha, ukuphepha, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuhlaziya kuyahlangana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okukhiqiza izinzuzo ezilinganiswayo ekusebenzeni kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Izinhlangano ezitshala imali kokubili ezicini ezibonakalayo nezedijithali zokugcina izinto - kanye nakubantu abazisebenzisayo - zizothola ukuphathwa kwempahla yazo kuba yinzuzo yokuncintisana kunokuba kube yisibopho esiphindaphindayo.