Ukwandisa iNdawo kunye nokuSebenza: Ukupakishwa kweWarehouse kunye nezisombululo zoGcino lweShishini

Ukwandisa indawo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle phakathi koovimba kunye noseto lwemizi-mveliso kuye kwabaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngakumbi njengoko amashishini esizamela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo ngelixa enyusa iindleko zokusebenza. Kwixesha apho unyawo ngalunye lwesikwere lubala, ukubaluleka kwezisombululo zokugcina ezihlakaniphile azikwazi ukugqithiswa. Ingaba ulawula iziko lokusabalalisa eliqhekezayo okanye indawo yokugcina i-compact, inkqubo yokukrazula efanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sokugcina sinokuchaphazela kakhulu imveliso, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi jikelele.

Eli nqaku liphengulula kwiindlela ezisebenzayo kunye nezintsha zokubekwa kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla kunye nezisombululo zogcino lwemizi-mveliso, ekhokela abafundi ngeekhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo ukunceda ukwandisa zombini indawo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubeka i-racking kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo zokugcina, abaphathi beendawo zokugcina kunye neengcali zoshishino banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi eziphakamisa amandla abo okugcina kwaye ekugqibeleni baxhase ukukhula kweshishini.

Ukuqonda Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeNkqubo zokuRhaka kwiWarehouse

Iinkqubo zokupakisha i-Warehouse zenza umqolo waso nasiphi na isisombululo sokugcinwa kwemizi-mveliso. Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwesixokelelwano sokurhweba kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo ehleliweyo, esebenzayo eyandisa ubuninzi bogcino ngaphandle kokuncama ukufikeleleka okanye ukhuseleko. Phakathi kweenkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ii-pallet racks, ii-drive-in racks, i-push-back racks, i-pallet flow racks, kunye ne-cantilever racks, nganye eyenzelwe iimfuno ezithile zokugcina kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

I-pallet racks ekhethiweyo sesona sisombululo siqhelekileyo kunye nesiguquguqukayo, esinika ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pallet nganye egciniweyo. Ezi rack zifanelekile kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwee-SKUs ezahlukeneyo kuba abasebenzi kunye neeforklifts banokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kuyo nayiphi na imveliso ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa ezinye izinto. Nangona zisenokunganyusi indawo ngokungqongqo njengezinye iinkqubo, ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokusebenziseka kwazo ngokulula kuzenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo kumashishini amaninzi.

I-Drive-in kunye ne-drive-through racks yandisa ubuninzi bogcino ngokuvumela ii-forklifts ukuba zihambe ngokuthe ngqo kwii-aisles phakathi kwee-racks ukuze zifake okanye zibuyise iipallets. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle ekugcineni inani elikhulu leemveliso ezifanayo apho ukujikeleziswa kwe-inventri kungeyona nto ixhalabisayo. I-Drive-in racks ivumela ukugcinwa ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokugqibela-yokuqala (i-LIFO), ngelixa i-drive-through racks ixhasa ulawulo lwe-inventory yokuqala (FIFO).

Iiracks ezityhalayo zisebenzisa inkqubo yenqwelo evumela ukuba iipalethi zilayishwe kwaye zigcinwe kwiireyile ezithambekileyo. Xa i-pallet entsha ibekwe kwi-rack, ityhala iipalethi ezikhoyo ngasemva kwi-bay. Iiracks eziPush-back zigqwesile ekugcineni iindidi eziphezulu ze-SKU ngelixa ukhulisa ubuninzi bogcino, uzenza zilungele iimveliso ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ezinemfuno eyahlukileyo.

Iipalethi zokuhamba iirakhi zisebenzisa iirola zokuxhuzula ezivumela iipalethi ukuba ziqhubele phambili ngokuzenzekelayo njengoko ipalethi yangaphambili isusiwe. Le nkqubo ilungele ulawulo lwe-inventri ye-FIFO, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitokhwe esidala sihlala siphambi kwaye sifikeleleke. Ezi rakhi zihlala zisetyenziswa kumashishini okutya kunye neziselo apho ukujikeleziswa kwemveliso kubalulekile ukuthotyelwa kunye nokulawula umgangatho.

Ekugqibeleni, iirakhi ze-cantilever zenzelwe izinto ezinde, ezinkulu ezinjengemibhobho, amaplanga, okanye imivalo yentsimbi. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokupakisha i-pallet, i-cantilever racks ixhasa imithwalo kwiingalo ezisuka kwikholamu enye, evumela ukugcinwa lula kunye nokufunyanwa kweemveliso ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezigqithisiweyo.

Ukukhetha inkqubo eyiyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa iintlobo zeemveliso ezigciniweyo, izinga lentengo, izenzo zolawulo lwempahla, kunye nemilinganiselo yesitora. Ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezininzi ze-racking ngaphakathi kwendawo kuqhelekile ukulungiselela iimfuno zokugcina ezahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ubuchwephesha bokuSebenza kwiNdawo yokuGcina iShishini

Ukwandisa indawo yokugcinwa kwemizi-mveliso kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokukhetha eyona nkqubo yokurhaqa. Ifuna indlela ebanzi yoyilo lwesitora, ulawulo lwempahla, kunye nezenzo zokuphatha izinto ezithi ngokudibeneyo zongeze ukusetyenziswa kwendawo. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokwandisa indawo kukugcina ngokuthe nkqo. Iindawo ezininzi zokugcina iimpahla zisebenzisa kancinci indawo yazo ethe nkqo ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko okanye imida kwisixhobo, kodwa iirakhi eziphakamileyo zepallet kunye nemigangatho ye-mezzanine inokunyusa ngokumangalisayo indawo yokugcina ngaphandle kokwandisa indawo yokugcina indawo.

Ukuphumeza uyilo oluyilwe kakuhle kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Isicwangciso sobubanzi be-asile esicwangcisiweyo silinganisa imfuno yokufikelela kwi-forklift ngokuchasene nokwandisa ubude be-rack. Indlela emxinwa okanye i-aisle emxinwa kakhulu (VNA) inciphisa indawo ye-aisle, ivumela ii-racks ezingaphezulu kwi-square foot, nangona zidinga iiforklifts ezikhethekileyo. Uqwalaselo kufuneka luquke ukuba kukangaphi na ukwenziwa kweeforklift kunye nokuba isantya sokubuyiswa siya kuthotywa na.

Uxinaniso lwendawo yokugcina lunokuphuculwa ngokuphonononga amaxabiso orhwebo kunye nokuhlelwa kweemveliso ngokufanelekileyo. Iimveliso ezifikelelwa rhoqo kufuneka zigcinwe kwiindawo ezifikeleleka lula ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba, ngelixa izinto ezihamba kancinci zinokugcinwa kwi-deser configurations. Ukuseta iindawo ezinikezelweyo zoluhlu lwezinto ezikhawulezayo kunye nezihamba kade kunciphisa ingxinano kwaye kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchola.

Ukudibanisa iteknoloji ye-automation, njenge-automated storage and retrieval systems (AS / RS), yindlela yokusika yokwandisa indawo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa iishuttles zerobhothi kunye namabhanti okuhambisa ukugcina nokubuyisela iipallets kwiindawo ezixinene kakhulu ngaphandle kokufuna abantu abasebenza ngaphakathi kwiipaseji ezimxinwa. I-automation inceda ukucudisa umthamo owongezelelweyo wokugcina kwaye iphucule ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukugcinwa kakuhle kogcino kukwabandakanya ulawulo olululo lwe-inventri kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. Ukuqonda imilinganiselo ye-SKU kunye nomthamo kuvumela iindawo zokugcina ukuba zisebenzise indawo eyenzelwe ubungakanani bento endaweni yokubeka igeneric. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-warehouse ephezulu (WMS), idatha yokulandelela ixesha lokwenyani inokukhokela izicwangciso eziguquguqukayo zokubeka ezilungelelanisa ulungelelwaniso lokugcina olusekelwe ekutshintsheni iiprofayili ze-inventory.

Okokugqibela, ukunciphisa i-clutter kunye nokuphelisa isitokhwe esingeyomfuneko ngokusebenzisa nje-ngexesha (JIT) izenzo ze-inventory zikhulula indawo exabisekileyo. Uphicotho-zincwadi rhoqo kunye nokubalwa komjikelo kunceda ukugcina iindawo zokugcina ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nokukhuthaza ulawulo lwe-inventri olunengqiqo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo ayichithwanga kwizinto eziphelelwe lixesha okanye ezigqithisileyo.

Ukuphucula ukuSebenza ngokuSebenzisa iziSombululo zoGcino

Ucikizeko kwimisebenzi yesitora idlulela ngaphaya kogcino nje oluphathekayo; iquka iindlela zokufunyanwa, ukugcinwa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Ukukhetha izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokugcinwa kwamashishini zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya sokusebenza, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nokuchaneka. Umgaqo omnye osisiseko ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kukuyila ukuhamba komsebenzi okunciphisa umgama wokuhamba kunye namanyathelo okuphatha abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.

Ukwenza islotting, umzekelo, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokubeka izinto ezifunwa kakhulu ezikufutshane neendawo zokuthumela iinqanawa okanye izitishi zokupakisha, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zinokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokubuyiswa. Ukuqeshwa kwesoftware yokubeka kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha kuvumela izibonelelo ukuba ziqikelele kwaye ziququzelele iindawo zoluhlu olusekelwe kwisantya semveliso kunye nexesha lonyaka, ukunciphisa iintshukumo ezingeyomfuneko.

Ukudityaniswa kwee-SKU ezifanayo kwiindawo zerack enye kukwahambisa iinkqubo zokuchola. Ukongeza, ukuqokelela iimveliso ezihlala zithunyelwa kunye kunokunciphisa ixesha lokudibanisa kunye neempazamo. Ezi zicwangciso ziphakamisa izisombululo zokugcina ukuxhasa ngokukhawuleza, ukukhethwa okungenaziphene.

Enye inkalo yokusebenza kakuhle kukudityaniswa kwezinto zokugcina iimodyuli. Ishelufu ehlengahlengiswayo, iiracks ezishukumayo, kunye nemigqomo yeemodyuli zivumela iindawo zokugcina ukuba ziqhelane ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha kobungakanani boluhlu kunye neepateni zemfuno. Ukuguquguquka kwindawo yokugcina kunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla elibangelwa ukuhlengahlengiswa kwesakhiwo sokugcina ukuze ulungele imigca emitsha yemveliso.

Ukubandakanya i-cross-docking setups kwakhona kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokunciphisa ukuphatha kunye nexesha lokugcina. Kwimisebenzi enjalo, iimpahla ezingena ngaphakathi zigqithiselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinqanawa eziphuma ngaphandle ngaphandle kokugcinwa ixesha elide, ezifuna iindawo zokukhwela ezicwangciswe kakuhle ezinikezelwe kwisiteji kunye nokuhlelwa.

Izisombululo zetekhnoloji ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ezifana nokuskena ikhowudi yebhakhowudi, ukuthegiswa kweRFID, kunye nokukhetha okukhokelwa lilizwi ngakumbi ukomeleza isantya sokusebenza. Ezi nkqubo zinciphisa imposiso yabantu kwaye zikhawulezisa ukulandelwa kwe-inventri kunye nokuzaliseka kwe-odolo, ehlala idityaniswe ngokungenamthungo kunye nokucwangciswa kokugcinwa.

Ekugqibeleni, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo ecacileyo abalulekile ekuqondeni iinzuzo ezisebenzayo kwiinkqubo zokugcina. Abasebenzi abayiqondayo ingqiqo emva kokuhlelwa kogcino kunye nokuhamba kwe-inventri banokusebenza ngokunemveliso ngakumbi kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla apheleleyo ezisombululo zokugcinwa kwemizi-mveliso ziyasetyenziswa.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko kwiWarehouse Racking kunye noGcino

Ngelixa ukwandisa indawo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwiinjongo eziphambili, ukhuseleko luhlala luyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo ekuyilweni kwendawo yokugcina kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokugcina. Iiracks ezifakwe ngokungafanelekanga okanye ezilayishwe kakhulu zihlala zikhokelela kwiingozi ezibandakanya umonakalo wemveliso, ukwenzakala, okanye ixesha lokuphumla. Ngoko ke, ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokugcinwa ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile.

Umthamo womthwalo wento nganye yokukhwela kufuneka ugcinwe ngokungqongqo ukukhusela ukusilela kwesakhiwo. Oku kufuna ukubala ubunzima bempahla egciniweyo kunye nemikhosi eyenziwa kwiiplanga kunye neekholamu, ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokugcina eziguquguqukayo apho iiforklifts zihlala zilayisha kwaye zikhuphe iipallets. Ukusebenzisa iilebhile zokhuseleko kunye namaxwebhu kwiiracks kunceda abaqhubi bahlale benolwazi malunga nemilinganiselo yobunzima obukhulu.

Iinkqubo zokurhaxa kufuneka zibotshelelwe ngokukhuselekileyo kumgangatho wendawo yokugcina impahla ukuze zimelane neempembelelo, ingakumbi kwiipaseji ezinezithuthi ezininzi. Izithintelo ezikhuselayo kunye neentsimbi zokukhusela zinokukhusela iiracks kwiingozi zengozi kunye neeforklifts, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kweerack.

Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa rhoqo rhoqo kubalulekile. Ukujonga rhoqo iiplanga ezonakalisiweyo, iintsika ezigobileyo, okanye iibholithi ezikhululekileyo zinokubona iingozi zokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba zinyuke. Ukulungiswa okukhawulezileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kubambe ingqibelelo ye-rack kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi benkqubo yokugcina.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bendawo yokugcina izinto ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yokuphatha nokugcina izinto kuxhasa inkcubeko yokhuseleko. Abasebenzi kufuneka bafundiswe ngeendlela ezichanekileyo zokulayisha, ukubambelela kwimilinganiselo yobunzima, kunye nendlela yokuxela umonakalo weerack.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kunye neempawu ezicacileyo malunga neendawo zokugcina kuphucula ukubonakala, kunceda abaqhubi be-forklift baqhube ngokuzithemba nangokukhuselekileyo.

Ukubandakanya iingqwalaselo ze-ergonomic kuyilo lwe-racking, njengobubanzi obufanelekileyo be-aisle kunye nokubekwa kwezinto ezifikelelwa rhoqo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezifikelelekayo, kunciphisa ukwenzakala emsebenzini okunxulumene nokugqithisa kunye nokuma okungahambi kakuhle.

Okokugqibela, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko ethe ngqo kushishino kunye nezikhokelo, ezifana nezo zivela kwi-OSHA okanye ezinye iibhodi ezilawulayo, ziqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yendawo yokugcina impahla ihlangabezana neemfuneko zokhuseleko oluncinane kwaye ikhuthaza indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.

Ikamva loGcino lwemizi-mveliso: IiNdlela eziNgqongileyo kunye nezinto ezintsha

Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambela phambili kunye namakhonkco okubonelela akhula ngakumbi, ikamva logcino lwemizi-mveliso lixhomekeke kwizisombululo ezitsha ezonyusa i-automation, ubukrelekrele kunye nokuguquguquka. Iindlela ezinjengokunyuka kweendawo zokugcina izinto ezikrelekrele, ezixhaswe bubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT), ziguqula indlela ezisebenza ngayo iinkqubo zokurhwaphiliza nokugcina.

Iisistim zokurhwaphiliza ezihlakaniphile ezixhotyiswe ngee-sensor zinokuqhubeka nokubeka iliso kubunzima bomthwalo, amanqanaba e-inventri, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kwaye kuthintele ukuphela kwesitokhwe okanye iimeko zesitokhwe esigqithisileyo ngokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela apho abaphathi bendawo yokugcina iimpahla banokuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

Iirobhothi kunye nezithuthi ezikhokelwayo ezizenzekelayo (i-AGVs) ziyanda zidityaniswe nezisombululo zokugcina ukunyusa umthamo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumsebenzi wezandla. Ukugcinwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela (AS / RS) zingasebenza i-24 / 7 kwiindlela ezimxinwa ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kunabasebenzi bomntu, okwenza ukuba iindawo zokugcina zikhulise indawo ethe nkqo kunye ne-output.

Iinkqubo ze-racking zemodyuli kunye ne-reconfigurable ezilungiselelwe kunye nokuguquguquka kwexesha elizayo kwingqondo zivumela amashishini ukuba aguqule ngokukhawuleza ugcino lwezakhiwo ekuphenduleni kwiimfuno eziguqukayo zemarike okanye imigca yemveliso. Obu buchule bubalulekile kwinkangeleko yolungiselelo yanamhlanje ekhawulezayo.

Uzinzo lukwanegalelo kakhulu kwikamva logcino lwemizi-mveliso. Izinto ezihambelana ne-Eco-friendly, ukukhanya okusebenza ngamandla, kunye nemigaqo yoyilo lwezakhiwo eziluhlaza ziba semgangathweni. Izibane ze-LED ezonga umbane ezidityaniswe kwiiracks, iindawo zokugcina amandla elanga, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto zokupakisha kunegalelo kuxanduva lokusingqongileyo kwendawo yokugcina impahla.

Iiplatifti zolawulo lwe-warehouse esekelwe kwifu ezidibanisa kunye ne-hardware yokugcina i-hardware ehambisa ngakumbi imisebenzi, evumela ukubeka iliso kude, uhlalutyo, kunye nokunikezelwa kwezibonelelo zabasebenzi. La maqonga aphucula intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqabane okubonelela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi.

Lilonke, indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji ephucukileyo, uyilo oluguquguqukayo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kozinzo kutshati ikhosi entsha yendlela iindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neendawo zokugcina umzi-mveliso ezicwangciswayo kwaye zisetyenzwe kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukwenza ngcono ugcino kunye neenkqubo zokurhaqa yinzame yamacala amaninzi efuna ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwetekhnoloji, uyilo, kunye nesicwangciso sokusebenza. Ngokuqonda iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokurhweba, ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuphucula indawo, kunye nokugxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko, amashishini anokuphucula kakhulu amandla awo okugcina kunye nokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yokugcina indawo. Ukubeka iliso kwiintsingiselo zexesha elizayo kunye nezinto ezintsha kuqinisekisa ukuba amaziko ahlala ekhuphisana kwindawo yokuthengisa eguqukayo ngelixa igcina imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko kunye nokuzinza.

Ukutyala ixesha kunye nezixhobo kwizisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo zokugcina azigcini nje ngokukhulisa indawo ebonakalayo kodwa zixhobisa amaqela ogcino ukuba enze konke okusemandleni awo, ekugqibeleni aqhube impumelelo yeshishini ngolawulo oluphuculweyo lwe-inventri, ukuzaliseka komyalelo okhawulezayo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Indlela eya kwindawo yokugcina imveliso iqala ngokhetho logcino olukrelekrele oluyilelwe imeko yeshishini yanamhlanje.