Inkqubo Yokurhangqa Ukungena KwiDrive-Through vs Ukurhangqa Okukhethiweyo

Uyilo lwendawo yokugcina impahla olusebenzayo lubumba ukusebenza kweshishini, ukhuseleko, kunye neendleko. Nokuba ulawula indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo enomthamo omkhulu, iziko lokusasaza iimpahla zabathengi ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, okanye indawo yokugcina impahla exhasa ukwenziwa, ukhetho olwenzayo malunga neenkqubo zokurhangqa luchaphazela imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuguquguquka kwexesha elide. Eli nqaku litsala abafundi kuthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lweendlela ezimbini zokurhangqa iipalethi eziqhelekileyo, ukunceda abacwangcisi beendawo zokugcina impahla, abaphathi bemisebenzi, kunye neengcali zezothutho baqonde imiphumo yehlabathi lokwenyani ngaphaya kwamabango entloko.

Apha ngezantsi uza kufumana iimbono ezinzulu malunga nendlela ezi nkqubo eziziphatha ngayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, umahluko osebenzayo ekusetyenzisweni kwendawo xa kuthelekiswa nokufikeleleka, kunye neendawo zokuthatha izigqibo ezifanele ziqhubele phambili ekukhetheni kwakho. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane izinto ezicacileyo ezihlala zimisela ukuba isisombululo esinye siya kudlula esinye kwindawo yakho ethile.

Isishwankathelo seendlela ezimbini zokurhangqa iipalethi

Iindlela ezimbini zokubeka iipalethi ezixoxwa ngazo zahlukile kwifilosofi yazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Enye igxininisa ubuninzi bokugcinwa kweepalethi ngokunciphisa inani leepalethi kunye nokudala iindlela ezinzulu apho iiforklift zingena khona ukuze zifake kwaye zifumane iipalethi, zisebenzisa iipalethi ezigciniweyo njengezikhokelo zeendlela. Le ndlela idla ngokuxhasa ukuhamba kwezinto ze-LIFO (ekungeneni kokugqibela, okokuqala ukuphuma), nangona ezinye iindlela zivumela i-FIFO ukuba ibe namalungiselelo anzima ngakumbi. Enye indlela ibeka phambili ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo zeepalethi nganye, igcina ipalethi enikezelweyo phambi kwendawo nganye yeepalethi ukuze iiforklift zifikelele kuyo nayiphi na ipalethi ngaphandle kokuhambisa ezinye iipalethi kuqala, ngaloo ndlela zixhasa ukukhetha okupheleleyo kunye neepateni zokukhetha eziguquguqukayo.

Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, inkqubo yeendlela ezixineneyo inciphisa umlinganiselo weendawo ezithathwa ziindlela, itshintsha ibhalansi yendawo iye kwindawo yokugcina izinto. Oku kuyanyanzelisa ngakumbi kwiimeko apho ukufana kwepalethi kuphezulu kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yokujikeleza kwempahla ayifuni ukuphathwa okungqongqo kwe-FIFO. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukugcinwa kwezinto ezininzi ezingonakalisiyo, uluhlu lwezinto ezithengiswayo ngexesha elithile apho imijikelo yokuzalisa kunye nokurhoxiswa kwempahla inokucwangciswa ukuze ihambelane nokuphathwa kwe-LIFO, kunye nokugcinwa kwindawo ebandayo apho ukwandiswa komthamo nge-cubic foot kuyinto ephambili ngenxa yeendleko zokulungisa imeko-bume.

Inkqubo yokufikelela ekhethiweyo, ngokuchaseneyo, yenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukukhetha ii-odolo, ukuphathwa kwe-SKU exutyiweyo, kunye nokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiipallets ezithile. Indawo nganye yepallet ifikeleleka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwabanye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo zokugcina impahla ezinenani elikhulu lee-SKU, ubungakanani bemveliso obuguquguqukayo, kunye nemisebenzi ebeka phambili ukugcinwa kwezinto kunye nokufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza. Ulwakhiwo lokufikelela ngqo ludla ngokufuna indawo engaphezulu kwendlela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho uxinano oluphantsi kwindawo yokugcina izinto nge-square foot, kodwa iingenelo zokusebenza zihlala zivelisa ukuphuculwa kokuphuma kwezinto kunye neempazamo ezimbalwa zokuphatha.

Ukuqonda la mahluko efilosofi linyathelo lokuqala. Ukhetho loyilo luqala ngokukhetha iiforklift, uqeqesho lweqela, iinkqubo zolawulo lwempahla, kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezixineneyo zinokuzuza kwiindlela ezikhethekileyo zokulayisha, iinkqubo zezithuthi ezikhokelwayo, okanye iimodyuli zokuphakamisa ezithe nkqo, ngelixa iinkqubo ezikhethiweyo ziya kugxininisa ububanzi beendlela, iiprotokholi zokukhetha, kunye nokulungiswa kwerakhi eguquguqukayo ukuze kulungiselelwe iipateni zepallet ezitshintshayo. Abaphathi kufuneka baphinde balinganise umjikelo wobomi bempahla—ukuba ukujika kwemveliso kunye nomxube we-SKU kunokwenzeka ukuba kuguquke, ukukwazi ukuphinda ulungiselele irakhi ekhethiweyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kunokuba yinzuzo enomtsalane.

Ukuhamba komsebenzi kunye nomahluko wemihla ngemihla

Imisebenzi kwindawo yokurhangqa imizila emininzi ilandela isingqisho esahlukileyo kwimisebenzi ngendlela ekhethiweyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwimizila enzima, iiforklift ziqhuba kwiindlela zokugcina ezinzulu ukuze zibeke kwaye zifumane iipallet. Oku kufuna abaqhubi abaqeqeshiweyo abanokuhamba kwiindawo ezixineneyo, basebenze ngesantya esifanayo, kwaye balandele iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezingqongqo. Ukulayisha kunye nokubuyisa kudla ngokuhlanganiswa, kwaye ukuphinda kuzaliswe rhoqo kwenzeka ngobuninzi obukhulu obuhambelana nohlobo lwe-LIFO lwenkqubo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwezinto kufuneka yenzelwe ukuphepha iimeko apho ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwipallet ethile kuya kufuna ukuhambisa ezinye iipallet ezininzi ukuze kufikelelwe kuyo, njengoko oko kunokubangela ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo zokuphatha.

Kwiinkqubo ezikhethiweyo, abaqhubi bayazuza ekufikeleleni ngokukhawuleza kuyo nayiphi na indawo yepalethi, okwenza kube lula ukuqokelela kunye nokugcwalisa imisebenzi kwaye kuncitshiswe isidingo sezakhono zokuqhuba ezikhethekileyo. Ukukhetha imisebenzi kunokuba lula kwaye kuphendule kwiiodolo eziguquguqukayo, njengoko abasebenzi banokufumana iipalethi enye ngaphandle kokuhamba kwebhloko. Ukusebenza kokufezekisa iodolo kudla ngokuphucula xa ukukhetha kuvumela ukukhethwa ngaxeshanye kwiipalethi ezininzi nakwiindawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha eliphantsi lomsebenzi ngokukhetha ngakunye kunye namathuba ambalwa omonakalo wepalethi obangelwa kukuphathwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ulwakhiwo lwepalethi oluvulekileyo ngakumbi lukwanceda ukujonga okubonakalayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwenza kube lula ukudibanisa iinkqubo zokukhetha ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya ekukhanyeni okanye zokukhetha ilizwi.

Umahluko ufikelela kwiindlela zokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi. Iinkqubo zeendlela ezixineneyo zenza iingozi ezixhomekeke kwiimeko apho ukungqubana, ukubekwa endaweni engafanelekanga, okanye ukungalungelelani kunokusasazeka ngakumbi kuba iipalethi zigcinwa nzulu kwaye iindlela zokufikelela zithintelwe. Abaphathi kufuneka baqinisekise imida yesantya, iipatheni zokulayisha ezizinzileyo, kunye nokuhlolwa kweendlela ngamanye amaxesha. Iinkqubo ezikhethiweyo, nangona ngokubanzi zikhuselekile ngokubhekiselele ekulawuleni, zizisa ithrafikhi engaphezulu yezithuthi ngenxa yeendlela ezininzi kunye nemigama emide yokuhamba phakathi kweendawo zokukhetha. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-algorithms zendlela kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla kunokunciphisa izohlwayo zexesha lokuhamba, kodwa into ebalulekileyo ebantwini—ukudinwa, ingqalelo, kunye noqeqesho—ihlala ibalulekile.

Ukuchaneka kwempahla kunye neenkqubo nazo ziyahluka. Iinkqubo ezixineneyo zihlala zixhomekeke kwiindlela zokudibanisa izinto xa zisebenzisana nee-deep stacks, njengoko ukubeka i-pallet ngendlela engafanelekanga okanye ubunzulu kunokwenza kube nzima ukufumana izinto kwixesha elizayo. Iinkqubo ezikhethiweyo zenza kube lula ukubalwa kwempahla kunye nokulandelela okusekelwe kwi-slot kuba i-pallet nganye ikwi-slot efikelelekayo ngokukodwa. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokujikeleza isitokhwe efana ne-FIFO ixhaswa ngokwendalo kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo, ngelixa iindlela ezixineneyo zinokufuna ulawulo olongezelelweyo lwenkqubo ukuze kulandelwe i-FIFO apho kuyimfuneko. Isigqibo sokuhamba komsebenzi ngokubanzi kufuneka sisekelwe kuhlobo lwempahla, iimfuno zokuphuma, kunye nobunzima bokuphatha obamkelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo, uxinano, kunye nefuthe loyilo

Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yingxoxo ephambili exhasa ukurhangqwa kweendlela ezixineneyo. Ngokunciphisa inani leendlela kunye nokwandisa ubunzulu bendawo yokugcina, ezi nkqubo ziguqula indawo yesikwere eyayinikezelwe ngaphambili kwiindlela zibe ziindawo ezongezelelweyo zepallet. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiindawo apho indawo yomgangatho incinci okanye iindleko zamandla zokulawula imozulu zibalulekile; okukhona iipallet ezininzi zigcinwa nge-cubic foot elungisiweyo, kokukhona ixabiso lepallet nganye yokugcinwa kwendalo liphantsi. Iinkqubo zeendlela ezixineneyo zikwavumela ukuphakama kweerack ezinde, ukuba nje ukufikelela kwe-forklift kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwesakhiwo kujongwana nako, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono ngokuthe nkqo ngakumbi.

Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi boxinano budla ngokuzisa utshintsho. Iindlela zokugcina izinto ezinzulu zinokwenza kube nzima ukuhamba kwezinto eziqalayo kuqala, zidale amaxesha amade okufikelela kwiipalethi ezithile, kwaye zifune iindlela zokhuseleko nokuhlolwa ezintsonkothileyo. Inani elinciphileyo leendlela linokukhawulela ukuhamba komoya kunye nokusasazwa kwezibane, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso ezithile. Ukucwangciswa koyilo lweendlela ezixineneyo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kungekuphela nje umthamo wokugcina ozinzileyo kodwa kunye neepateni zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo: iindawo zokulayisha ezihlala kuzo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezinzulu, kuza kumiselwa njani ukuphinda kuzaliswe, kwaye zeziphi iindlela zokusilela ezikhoyo zokufikelela ngokukhawuleza?

Ukubeka iirakhi ezikhethiweyo kudla indawo engaphezulu yendlela kwindawo nganye yepalethi kodwa kuzuza ukuguquguquka. Inani eliphezulu leendlela zokubeka iirakhi ...

Xa becwangcisa uyilo, abayili kufuneka balingise ukuhamba kwexesha elide kwaye bacinge ngeepateni zokubeka izinto, ukwahlulahlula iindawo zokugcina izinto, kunye neendlela zokugcwalisa kwakhona. Iinkqubo zeendlela ezixineneyo zinokufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yokugcina izinto ezininzi kwindawo enye kodwa zinokubeka imida xa zidityaniswe neendawo zokukhetha ezinesantya esiphezulu. Iindlela ezixutyiweyo—ukudibanisa iindlela ezixineneyo zeerakhi ezinkulu kunye neerakhi ezikhethiweyo zee-SKU ezijika kakhulu—zidla ngokuba zezona zilungileyo. Abenzi bezigqibo kufuneka balinganise iindleko ngesikhundla sepalethi nganye kunye neendleko zokusebenza zokuphatha ezongezelelweyo, izinga lokutshintsha kwezinto ezilindelweyo, kunye neemfuno zokuguquguquka kwexesha elide.

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwiimeko ezisebenzayo

Indlela nganye izisa iingenelo kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezibonakala kwiimeko ezisebenzayo. Indlela ye-dense-lane igqwesile xa ubuninzi bokugcina kunye neendleko-nge-pallet nganye ziyimilinganiselo ephambili. Inokunyusa kakhulu umthamo ngaphandle kokwandisa indawo yesakhiwo, okwenza kube nomtsalane kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo, indawo yokugcina izinto ezininzi ixesha elide, okanye ukugcwala kwexesha elithile. Le nkqubo ikwanciphisa iimfuno zokugcinwa kweendlela kuba zimbalwa iindlela zokulawula kunye nezixhobo zokukhanya ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nzuzo zincitshiswa kukukhetha okunciphileyo, iingxaki ezinokubakho ngexesha lokufumana, kunye neemfuno zoqeqesho nokhuseleko ezandisiweyo kubaqhubi. Ukuphathwa gwenxa kunokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni okukhulu ukuba iipallet zivalelwe kwiindlela ezinzulu.

Iingenelo eziphambili ze-Selective racking kukufikeleleka kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. Ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kuyo nayiphi na ipalethi kunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela kwaye kuxhasa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo okukhetha, okwenza kube lula kwimisebenzi ye-SKU ephezulu, ejika ngokukhawuleza. Ikwalula ukuchaneka kwempahla kwaye ilula ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo ezenzekelayo ezifuna ukufikelela ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwiindawo zepalethi. Iingxaki zijikeleze uxinano oluphantsi lokugcina kunye neendleko eziphezulu zezindlu xa indawo iphezulu. Kwiimarike apho yonke i-square foot ibiza kakhulu, i-selective racking inokubeka iindleko ezinkulu eziqhubekayo.

Ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo zokutshintshiselana ziquka ukugcinwa kunye nomngcipheko womonakalo. Iinkqubo ezixineneyo ngamanye amaxesha zibona ukwanda komonakalo wepallet kuba iipallet zifuduselwa kwiindawo ezivalekileyo kwaye zinokutyhalelwa kwizakhiwo zerack. Iinkqubo ezikhethiweyo zihlala zineziganeko ezimbalwa ezinjalo ngenxa yendawo ecacileyo yokuqhuba. Izinto eziqwalaselweyo ngokhuseleko lomlilo nazo zahlukile: iindlela ezixineneyo zinokufuna iinkqubo zokucima ezikhethekileyo kunye nophononongo lwemithetho, ngelixa uyilo olukhethiweyo ludla ngokuba neendlela zokuphuma komlilo eziqikelelweyo kunye neendlela zokucima. Iimpembelelo zeinshurensi, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye neekhowudi zasekuhlaleni kufuneka zihlolwe kwangethuba kwinkqubo yesigqibo.

Okokugqibela, ukuhlanganiswa kwetekhnoloji kwahlukile. Iinkqubo ezixineneyo zinokuphuculwa ngeenkqubo zeshuttle ezizenzekelayo, izithuthi ezikhokelwayo, okanye iindlela zokuhamba kweepalethi ezithintela ingxaki yokukhetha. Ukukhetha iiraki kuhambelana ngokulula ne-pick automation, iirobhothi, kunye nee-conveyors. Ukukhetha phakathi kokwenziwa ngcono ngesandla kunye notyalo-mali kwi-automation kuchaphazela kakhulu uhlalutyo lweendleko kunye neenzuzo kwaye kufuneka kulungiselelwe ngokwemveliso, ukuqikelelwa komthamo, kunye nokufumaneka kwemali.

Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo ekuphunyezweni kwazo

Ukukhetha phakathi kolwakhiwo lwendlela exineneyo kunye noyilo olukhethiweyo ngokupheleleyo sisigqibo esicwangcisiweyo esifanele sisekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezinokulinganiswa kunye noqikelelo oluyinyani. Izinto eziphambili zokukhetha ziquka inani le-SKU, izinga lokujika, ukulingana kwendawo yokugcina, imida yeendawo, iindleko zamandla kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo, izakhono zomsebenzi, kunye nokukhula kwexesha elizayo. Indawo yokugcina impahla enenani elincinci lee-SKU ezigcinwe ngobuninzi iya kuxhamla kwindlela yendlela exineneyo, ngelixa indawo ephatha amawaka ee-SKU ezinokuguquguquka kweodolo ngokukhawuleza iya kusebenza ngcono ngokucwangcisa ngokukhetha.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kukusetyenziswa kwazo zidlulela ngaphaya kwezakhiwo zeerakhi ngokwazo. Uhlobo lweenqwelo zeeforklift kunye nokufumaneka kwazo kufuneka kuhambelane nejometri yeerakhi. Kwiindlela ezixineneyo, iilori ezifikelelayo okanye iiforklift ezikhethekileyo ezinomda omxinwa zinokuba yimfuneko, kwaye iindleko kunye nokugcinwa kwazo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Kwiirakhi ezikhethiweyo, ubukhulu beelori kunye nokususwa kweendlela zeerakhi kufuneka kucwangciswe ngononophelo. Uyilo kufuneka luqwalasele neendawo zokubeka, iindawo zokufaka iidokhi, kunye neendlela zokubala izinto ezikhoyo. Ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zolawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla ukunyanzelisa imithetho yokugcina, ukuzalisa ngokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokugcina ukubonakala ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe imigibe yokusebenza kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo.

Ucwangciso lokhuseleko lufanele luqwalaselwe kwasekuqaleni. Uyilo lweendlela ezixineneyo lufuna uqeqesho oluqinileyo, iimpawu zeendlela, kunye nokhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwesakhiwo, ngelixa uyilo olukhethiweyo lufuna ulawulo lwendlela, imiqondiso, kunye neenkqubo zeendlela ezihamba ngezithuthi ezininzi. Ukucima umlilo, uyilo lwe-sprinkler, kunye nokuthobela ikhowudi zasekuhlaleni kunokuphembelela ukuphakama kweerakhi ezivumelekileyo kunye nobunzulu bokugcina, okunokutshintsha isizathu sezoqoqosho. Ukongeza, cinga ngokuguquguquka kwexesha elide: ngaba iirakhi zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, zihanjiswe, okanye ziphinde zilungiswe njengotshintsho lomxube wemveliso? Uyilo olukhethiweyo lwe-modular ludla ngokuphumelela ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo, olunokuba luncedo kwiimarike ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, cwangcisa ukuphunyezwa okucwangcisiweyo kunye novavanyo lovavanyo. Ukuba kucingelwa utshintsho olukhulu, jonga indawo emele ukuqinisekisa iingcamango malunga nomthamo, amazinga omonakalo, kunye ne-ergonomics yomqhubi. Landelela ii-KPI ezifana nesantya sokukhetha ngeyure, ixesha lokukhetha kuqala, ukuchukumisa okuphakathi kwepallet, kunye nokuchaneka kwempahla ngexesha lovavanyo. Sebenzisa le datha ukuphucula isicwangciso sokusasazwa ngokubanzi. Rhoqo indlela exutyiweyo—ukuxuba iiracking ezikhethiweyo zee-SKU ezijika kakhulu kunye neendlela ezixineneyo zobuninzi—ivelisa ibhalansi engcono phakathi kweendleko ngepallet nganye kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngamafutshane, ukhetho phakathi kweendawo zokugcina izinto ezixineneyo kunye nee-racking ezikhethiweyo zokufikelela ngqo kwiprofayili yakho yempahla, iimfuno zokuphuma, izinto eziqwalaselweyo kwiprofayili yempahla, kunye neenjongo zesicwangciso sexesha elide. Iindlela ezixineneyo zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla apho ukuhambelana kwemveliso kunye nokuhlala kwayo ihleli, ngelixa i-racking ekhethiweyo inika ukufikeleleka, ukuguquguquka, kunye nobulula obufunekayo kwiindawo zokufezekisa ucwangciso oluguquguqukayo. Izisombululo ze-hybrid, ukulinganisa ngononophelo, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo zihlala zityhila eyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yomsebenzi othile.

Ukuqukumbela, eli nqaku lihambe ngefilosofi, umahluko wokusebenza, iziphumo zendawo, iingenelo kunye neengxaki ezisebenzayo, kunye nokukhetha kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo ekukhetheni phakathi kweendlela zokugcina iipalethi ezixineneyo kunye neendlela ezikhethiweyo zokugcina iipalethi. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunceda imibutho ukuba ilungelelanise uyilo lwayo lokugcina izinto kunye neenjongo zoshishino endaweni yokulandela isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuzo zonke izinto.

Ekugqibeleni, akukho khetho luchanekileyo ngokubanzi. Isiphumo esingcono sivela kwiimfuno ezicacileyo, uhlalutyo olucingisisiweyo, kunye nokuphunyezwa okulinganisiweyo—kudla ngokudibanisa izinto zombini ezi ndlela ukuhlangabezana nobunzima bokwenyani.