Isikhokelo sabaQalayo kwiMigangatho yoKhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMigangatho yeNkqubo yokuGcina iiWarehouse

Ngokutsho kwe-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), malunga ne-100,000 yenzakala minyaka le kwiindawo zokugcina impahla kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto, uninzi lwazo lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwenkqubo yokurhangqa kunye nokungaphumeleli ukuthobela imigaqo yokhuseleko. Uphando oluvela kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko leSizwe lugxininisa ukuba imigaqo yokhuseleko engonelanga inokukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu kokusebenza kunye nokulahlekelwa yimali, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene ne-warehouse ezibangela ukuba amashishini aseMelika alahlekelwe yimveliso, iindleko zonyango, kunye namabango e-inshurensi. Ezi zibalo zicacileyo azibonisi nje kuphela ukubaluleka kokugcina indawo yokugcina impahla ekhuselekileyo kodwa kunye nemfuneko yokuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko emiselweyo elawula ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa impahla.

Iinkqubo zokurhangqa ii-warehouse zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yanamhlanje yokuhambisa izinto, nto leyo evumela ukugcinwa nokulandwa kweemveliso ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle zinokubangela iingozi ezinkulu ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle. Eli nqaku lijolise ekujongeni ngokunzulu ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zokurhangqa ii-warehouse kunye nemigangatho yokuthobela imithetho efunekayo ukunciphisa iingozi kunye nokukhuthaza indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubasebenzi kunye neempahla ngokufanayo.

Ukubaluleka koKhuseleko lweNkqubo yokuGcina iiNdawo zoku ...

Ukhuseleko kwimisebenzi yeendawo zokugcina impahla ludlulela ngaphaya kokuthobela imithetho; lumalunga nokudala inkcubeko yoxanduva kunye namanyathelo okuthabatha amanyathelo okuqala. Inkqubo yokubeka izinto kwindawo yokugcina impahla ekhuselekileyo iphucula imveliso ngelixa inciphisa amathuba eengozi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokubeka izinto kwindawo yokugcina impahla zifakelwe, zigcinwe, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ekuthobeleni imithetho kodwa nasekukhuthazeni indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, ukubeka izinto kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekuweni kwezinto, okubangela ukwenzakala kubasebenzi kunye nomonakalo kwimpahla exabisa amawaka, ukuba asizizigidi zeerandi.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokhuseleko kunye nokuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho kubalulekile ekuchongeni iingozi ezinokubakho. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iinkampani ezisebenzisa uqeqesho lokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo zifumana amava aphantsi kakhulu amazinga eengozi—ngamanye amaxesha afikelele kwi-30%. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kwiindlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko banamathuba amaninzi okuthobela imithetho kwaye baxele ngeemeko ezingakhuselekanga. Ngaphezu koko, ukutyala imali kuqeqesho lokhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho akuncedi nje ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kodwa kuphucula nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkampani, njengoko iingozi ezimbalwa zihambelana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemveliso.

Uhlobo lweendawo zokugcina impahla ludla ngokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana neeforklifts ezisebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neenkqubo zokurhangqa. Izikhokelo ze-OSHA zichaza imigaqo ethile yokusebenza kweeforklift kufutshane neerakhi, kwaye ukungaphumeleli ukunamathela kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu. Ngenxa yoko, yonke inkampani kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi bayo banolwazi malunga nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu, oomatshini, kunye nezakhiwo ezizinzileyo ezifana neenkqubo zokurhangqa.

Ukuqonda iMigangatho neMimiselo yokuthobela

Ukuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko akunakuxoxiswana ngayo nayiphi na imisebenzi yokugcina impahla. Imibutho eyahlukeneyo, kuquka i-OSHA, i-American National Standards Institute (ANSI), kunye ne-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), imisela izikhokelo ezilawula ukhuseleko lwendawo yokugcina impahla. Umzekelo, i-OSHA inika imimiselo ebanzi phantsi kwe-29 CFR 1910.176, echaza imfuneko yeendlela zokugcina impahla ezikhuselekileyo.

Le mithetho ibandakanya iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nemida yomthwalo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufakela, kunye neemfuno zolondolozo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zokurhangqa kufuneka zifakwe ngokweemfuno zomenzi, ezidla ngokuquka iinkcukacha malunga nokuba icandelo ngalinye linokuthwala ubunzima obungakanani. Ukungawujongi kakuhle umda wobunzima kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo olungafanelekanga kwizakhiwo zokurhangqa, nto leyo enegalelo ekwaphulweni.

Ukongeza kwi-OSHA, i-ANSI ineengcebiso ezithile, ngakumbi i-ANSI MH16.1, echaza iimfuno zokhuseleko zoyilo kunye novavanyo lweeraki zokugcina intsimbi yemizi-mveliso. Ukunamathela kwimigangatho enjalo akuncedi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni iingozi kodwa kukwabeka inkampani kwindawo entle emehlweni eearhente ezilawulayo, abanini bomshuwalense, kunye nabathengi abafuna ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko.

Ukuqonda okubanzi kwale migangatho kufuneka kudlulele ngaphaya kolawulo kuye kubasebenzi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo kufuneka zibandakanye zombini imigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abagcini nje ngokwazi imithetho kodwa bayaqonda nokubaluleka kwayo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Imibutho kufuneka imisele iinkqubo zokujonga ukuthobela imithetho kwaye iphinde ibonise ukubaluleka kokuxela ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iingozi ukuze kugcinwe inkcubeko yokhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho.

Ukuphumeza Amanyathelo Okhuseleko Kwiinkqubo Zokurhangqa

Ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko aqinileyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni iingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomngcipheko linyathelo elisisiseko ekuchongeni iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokurhangqa. Oku kuquka ukuvavanya uyilo lwendawo yokugcina impahla, uhlobo lweempahla ezigciniweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukubuyisa nokugcina. Emva kokuchonga iingozi, inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi yokunciphisa ezo ngozi.

Uyilo olubonakalayo lwendawo yokugcina impahla nalo luyinto ebalulekileyo. Ukudala iindlela ezicacileyo zokuhamba kweefolokhwe nokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho isithuba esifanelekileyo phakathi kweeyunithi zokurhangqa kunokuthintela ukungqubana nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela lula. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokurhangqa kufuneka zibandakanye iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana nezahluli zemithwalo, imitya yokhuseleko, kunye neereyili zokukhusela ezinciphisa ukusilela okukhulu.

Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngokhuseleko lweenkqubo zokurhangqa kufuneka kugxininise ukubaluleka kokugcina ukubonakala okucacileyo kunye nokufikelela ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwiiyunithi zokurhangqa. Abasebenzi kufuneka bafundiswe ngemigaqo yokusasazwa kobunzima ukuthintela ukuxinana kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kweenkqubo zokurhangqa—ukujonga iimpawu zokuguguleka, umonakalo, okanye ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso kwisakhiwo—kufuneka kube yinxalenye yeenkqubo zokulungisa. Le ndlela yokulungiselela ibalulekile ekusombululeni iingxaki ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba zibe yingozi enkulu.

Ukongeza, ukubandakanya abasebenzi kwiikomiti zokhuseleko okanye amaqela kunokubangela ukuziva benoxanduva olufanayo malunga nokhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa abasebenzi beziva benamandla okuvakalisa iinkxalabo okanye ukuphakamisa uphuculo, oko kunokukhokelela kwinkcubeko yomsebenzi ekhathalele ukhuseleko ngakumbi.

Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi kunye neMikhwa yoKhuseleko

Ukuze kuhlakulelwe inkcubeko yokhuseleko, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kufuneka lube lubanzi kwaye luqhubeke. Iindlela zokhuseleko akufuneki zibe luluhlu lokuhlola ukuthobela imithetho kuphela kodwa zigxile ekwakhiweni kwemikhwa phakathi kwabasebenzi. Iimeko zokwenyani kufuneka zibandakanywe kuqeqesho; iindlela zokulinganisa zinceda abasebenzi babone impembelelo ebonakalayo yeendlela ezingakhuselekanga.

Ukusebenza kwe-forklift ejikeleze iinkqubo zokurhangqa kufuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo, njengoko kubandakanya ukuhamba kwiindawo ezixineneyo nokuphatha imithwalo enzima. Abaqhubi kufuneka baqinisekiswe ngokwemigaqo ye-OSHA kwaye baqeqeshwe kwakhona rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izakhono zabo zihlala zisexesheni. Olu qeqesho kufuneka lugxininise indlela yokugcina indawo yokusebenza ecacileyo ejikeleze iirakhi, ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ii-spotters xa uqhuba iikona ezixineneyo, kunye neendlela ezihambelanayo zokuphakamisa nokulayisha.

Ngaphezu koko, bonke abasebenzi kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kuqeqesho lokhuseleko ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, ukuqonda iinkqubo zokufuduka xa kukho iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ukuqonda iingozi, kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokunika ingxelo lulwazi olusisiseko kubo bonke abasebenza kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Ukuhlaziya kunye noqeqesho kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo ukuze kuqiniswe olu qeqesho, kuqinisekiswa ukuba ukhuseleko luhlala luphambili kwizinto eziza kuqala ekusebenzeni.

Ukubandakanya ingxelo evela kubasebenzi abasebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zokurhangqa kunokunceda ekuphuculweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko. Iindlela ezivulekileyo zonxibelelwano zinika amandla abasebenzi ukuba babelane ngamava kunye neengcebiso, nto leyo enokunika ulwazi ngeendawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko ngakumbi.

Iinkqubo zoHlolo oluQhelekileyo kunye neMigqaliselo yoLondolozo

Ukugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kufuna uhlolo oluqhubekayo kunye nokugcinwa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa. Ukuseka inkqubo yokuhlola esemthethweni eyenzelwe uqwalaselo oluthile kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa kubalulekile ekuchongeni kwangaphambili ukuguguleka kunye nokusilela okunokwenzeka.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kufuneka kulandele izikhokelo ezimiselwe ngumvelisi kunye nazo naziphi na iiarhente ezilawulayo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuhlolwa kufuneka kuhlolwe ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo, iimeko zomthwalo, kunye nemeko yezinto ezifana neebhanti, izakhelo, kunye nee-braces. Iimpawu zokuguquka, ukugqwala, okanye umonakalo kufuneka zibangele uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa.

Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa rhoqo, amaxwebhu apheleleyo olu hlolo asebenza njengobungqina obubalulekileyo bokuthobela imithetho. Abonisa ukuzinikela kukhuseleko kwaye asebenza njengesalathiso sovavanyo lwexesha elizayo. Imibutho inokukhetha amaqonga edijithali ukuze kube lula ukulandelela nokurekhoda iziphumo zohlolo, ezinokubandakanya nezinto ezinokwenziwa ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba echongiweyo.

Emva kwayo nayiphi na ingozi okanye ukuphambuka okuphantse kwenzeke, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando ukuze kuqondwe unobangela kunye nokuthintela ukwenzeka kwezinto kwixesha elizayo. Imilinganiselo yokusebenza kufuneka iqokelelwe ukuze kuvavanywe ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokhuseleko. Iinkampani kufuneka zihlalutye iindlela zeziganeko ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuze zichonge impembelelo yeenkqubo zazo zoqeqesho kunye nohlaziyo kumanyathelo okhuseleko.

Ukuthetha neengcali zangaphandle kuhlolo lokhuseleko nako kunokongeza ungqinisiso olongezelelweyo lokhuseleko. Ezi ngcali zibonelela ngembono engathathi cala kwaye zihlala zilungelelanisa nemigangatho yoshishino kunye nemigaqo emitsha.

Ukudala inkcubeko yokuzinikela kukhuseleko malunga neenkqubo zokurhangqa ii-warehouse kubandakanya ukumisela iinkqubo zokuhlola, ukugcinwa, kunye neengxelo ezingqongqo ezingathobeli nje kuphela imithetho kodwa ezikhuthaza impilo-ntle iyonke yendawo yokusebenza.

Ngamafutshane, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokurhangqa ii-warehouse lucelomngeni olunemiba emininzi oluquka uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, ukunamathela kwimigangatho yokuthobela imithetho, ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa. Ngokubeka ezi zinto phambili, imibutho inokudala imeko yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, inciphise iingozi ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle. Njengoko ishishini liqhubeka nokukhula, amashishini asebenzisa imigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye namanyathelo okuthobela imithetho aya kuba kwindawo engcono yokuphumelela kwimeko yokhuphiswano, eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bawo kunye notyalo-mali lwabo.