Te Kōwhiri i ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Ahumahi Tika mō tō Whare

E mōhio ana ngā pakihi e whakahaere ana i ngā whare putunga, i ngā pokapū tohatoha, i ngā whare hanga rānei, ehara te rokiroki i te mea ko te whakarārangi taonga ki runga i ngā whata anake. Ka taea e te pūnaha rokiroki tika te whakarerekē i te pai o te rere o ngā mahi, te tiaki i ngā taonga, te whakaiti i ngā kino, te whakapai ake i te haumaru, me te tautoko i te tipu ā-muri. Ahakoa kei te whakahou anō koe i tētahi wāhi o nāianei, kei te whiriwhiri rānei i ngā pūnaha mō tētahi whare hou, ka pāngia ngā mahi e ngā whakataunga ka mahia e koe mō te rokiroki, ka pā ki te mahi, te nui o te mahi, me te tohatoha pūtea.

Ka ārahi tēnei tuhinga i a koe i roto i ngā whakaaro matua me ngā aratohu whai hua hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā pūnaha rokiroki ahumahi tino tika mō tō whare. Ka hipokina te aromatawai i ngā hiahia, te whakatairite i ngā momo rokiroki noa, te tūhura i te tahora me te arotau i te wāhi, te aro ki te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga utu me te tauine kia taea ai e koe te whakatau whai whakaaro e uru ana ki ō mahi o nāianei me ngā rā kei te heke mai.

Te Aromatawai i ngā Hiahia me ngā Āhuatanga o tō Whare Taonga

Ko te aromatawai whakaaro nui i ngā hiahia o tō whare me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o tō rarangi taonga te tūāpapa o tētahi whakataunga pūnaha rokiroki angitu. Tīmata mā te whakarārangi i ngā momo hua e rongoa ana koe: ngā rahinga, te taumaha, te ngoikore, te tere hurihanga, te rerekētanga o ngā wā, me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere. Ko ngā taonga nunui engari he māmā, pērā i te pahuka, i ngā kakahu rānei, he rerekē ngā tono rokiroki i ngā papa rakau taumaha, matotoru o ngā rauemi mata. Ko ngā taonga pirau ka whakapiki ake i te uaua o ngā hiahia whakahaere pāmahana me te hurihanga rarangi taonga-tuatahi-paunga-tuatahi-ki-waho (FEFO), ko ngā taonga utu nui ka hiahia pea kia nui ake te haumarutanga me te urunga atu ki te whakahaere. Mā te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga ka pā tika ki ngā kōwhiringa e pā ana ki te hohonu o ngā whatanga, te tawhiti o ngā whata, te kaha kawenga papa, me te hiahia mō ngā whakahaere taiao.

Whakaarohia te tere o te taonga. Ko ngā kōtaha SKU e tere haere ana he maha ngā wā e hiahia ana kia ngāwari te uru atu me ngā rautaki kohi whakamua, ka whakatakotoria ngā taonga e tere haere ana ki ngā wāhi e ngāwari ake te uru atu, ki ngā rohe kohi rānei e whakaiti ana i te wā haere. Ka taea te penapena i ngā taonga e puhoi ana te neke, ngā taonga pūranga rānei ki ngā pūnaha kiato ake, kāore e taea te uru atu pērā i te whatanga ara hohonu, te rokiroki waenga rānei. Hei tāpiri, ko te tipu haere o ngā SKU — he nui rawa ngā SKU rerekē i roto i ngā rahinga iti — ka akiaki i ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā pūnaha rokiroki rerekē i ngā whare he iti ake ngā SKU i roto i ngā rahinga nui. Ko te wāhi mō ia SKU, te rahinga kohi toharite mō ia ota, me te maha o ngā kohi ia rā, he inenga katoa hei ārahi i te whakatau i te whakamahinga o te wāhi poutū, te whai huatanga o te kohi, te kiato rokiroki rānei.

He mea nui ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga whakahaere. Ka whakamahia rānei e te whare he forklift, he kaikohi ota, he jacks papa, he waka ārahi aunoa (AGV), he kohi ā-ringa rānei? Ko te momo me te teitei o ngā taputapu hiki e whakatau ana i te teitei e taea ana o ngā whata papa me ngā mezzanine. Hei tauira, ko ngā mahi whaiti-ara ka hiahiatia pea he forklift motuhake ki ngā ara whaiti-ara hei uru atu ki ngā whata tino teitei. Whakaarohia hoki ngā wāhi whakatakoto me te tango: me hono te rere o ngā taonga e haere mai ana, e haere atu ana ki ngā kōwhiringa rokiroki. Ka taea e ngā taunga uta, ngā whakatakotoranga tatau, me te whakaurunga kaikawe te aukati i te wāhi me te āhua o te whakanoho i ngā pūnaha rokiroki.

Hei whakamutunga, kaua e warewarehia ngā herenga whakahaere pēnei i te kaha o te papa, te teitei o te tuanui, te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga, me ngā herenga ture haumaru. Tērā pea he herenga papa kei ngā whare tawhito e aukati ana i te rokiroki taumaha, kikī i ētahi wāhi, i ngā whakatakotoranga pou koretake rānei e hanga ana i ngā rohe "mate". Maherehia te taiao ā-tinana, ā, tāpirihia ō hiahia taonga ki te kimi i ngā rohe pai rawa atu mō ngā otinga rokiroki. Mā te whakauru i ngā kaipupuri hea mai i ngā mahi whakahaere, te tiaki, te haumaru, me te pūtea i te tīmatanga o te aromatawai ka āwhina i te whakarite kia rite ngā pūnaha kua whiriwhiria ki ngā āhuatanga o ia rā me ngā whāinga rautaki.

Te Whakataurite i ngā Momo Rerekē o ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Ahumahi

Ko te whiriwhiri mai i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha rokiroki ahumahi me taurite ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha ki ngā whāinga whakahaere. He maha ngā whakamahinga o te whatanga papa tawhito; he māmā noa te uru atu ki ngā papa takitahi, ā, e tautoko ana i te rokiroki kiato-nui i roto i ngā whirihoranga taketake maha. He pai ngā whatanga papa whiriwhiri ina hiahiatia te uru tika ki ia papa, ā, ina huri pinepine te ranunga SKU. He iti te utu mō te kiato-waenga, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakahaere. Heoi, he nui ake te wāhi e pau ana i ngā whatanga whiriwhiri ina whakaritea ki ngā whirihoranga kiato, ā, kāore pea e nui ake te rokiroki pūtoru.

He kōwhiringa pai ngā pūnaha whatanga pana-whakamuri me te taraiwa-ki-roto/taraiwa-mā roto ina he mea nui te kiato nui, ā, ka rongoatia ngā SKU ki roto i ngā puranga nui, ōrite. Mā te whatanga taraiwa-ki-roto ka whakanui ake i te wāhi mā te whakamahi i ngā ara iti engari me whakamahi i te tikanga whakahoki-mutunga-ki-tuatahi-waho (LIFO), kia pai ake ai mō ngā hua ōrite, kāore e pirau. Mā ngā pūnaha pana-whakamuri ka taea te kiato nui ake me te urunga atu; ka whakamahia e rātou ngā kāreti kua whakapūmau hei rongoa i ngā papa maha ki roto, ā, ka mahi hoki i runga i te kaupapa whakamutunga-ki-tuatahi-waho, ka taea te whakawhāiti i ētahi hiahia whakahaere taonga.

He pai te whatanga cantilever mō ngā taonga roa, uaua ki te kawe pērā i te paipa, te rakau, me ngā mea e puta mai ana. Nā tōna hoahoa tuwhera-mua ka taea te uta me te tango ngāwari i ngā kawenga roa, me te kore he here o te wāhi pane e whakamahia ana e ngā whatanga papa tawhito. He mea nui ngā pūnaha whatanga me ngā whatanga ipu para mō te rokiroki wāhanga iti me ngā mata kohi; ka tautoko i te kohikohi tere me te whakarite pai ake o ngā taonga iti ki te whakataurite ki ngā otinga papa. Ka tāpirihia e ngā pūnaha whatanga nekeneke he kiato mā te whakairi i ngā waeine whatanga ki runga i ngā ara e whakakore ana i ngā ara pumau, ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha rokiroki, ahakoa he uaua me te utu tāpiri.

Ka taea e ngā papa waenga me ngā papa maha-taumata te whakanui ake i te papa o te whare, me te kore e whakarerekē i te āhua o te whare. He tino whai hua ēnei ina he nui te utu mō te whenua, te whakawhānui rānei i te whare. Mā te whakaurunga o ngā papa waenga me ngā whata, ngā kaikawe, me ngā whatanga ka puta he mahi rokiroki me te kohikohi maha-taumata whai hua. Mā ngā otinga rokiroki aunoa, pērā i ngā pūnaha rokiroki me te tiki aunoa (AS/RS), ngā pūnaha taonga-ki-te-tangata, me ngā waka kawe, ka whakaratohia he tere me te tika mō ngā mahi nui-rahi, kiato-rahi. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei pūnaha te whakawhirinaki ki te mahi me te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te wāhi mā te whakahoki mai i te wāhi poutū me te whakaiti i ngā ara, engari me nui te haumitanga whakapaipai me te whakaaroaro tupato ki te tiaki, te whakaurunga pūnaha, me te whakahaere huringa.

I te whakataurite i ngā pūnaha, paunatia te kaha, te urunga atu, ngā whakaritenga whakaputa, ngā pānga ki te mahi, me ngā utu mō te huringa ora. Ko ngā huarahi ranu — te whakakotahi i ngā pūnaha rerekē puta noa i ngā rohe o tētahi whare — he maha ngā wā ka puta ngā hua pai rawa atu mā te whakataurite i ngā kaha o ia pūnaha me ngā akomanga rarangi taonga me ngā rerenga mahi.

Te Arotautanga o te Wāhi me te Whakamahere Tahora

Ko te whakatutuki i te arotautanga wāhi me te whakamahere tahora whai hua ehara i te mea ko te whakauru i te nui o ngā taonga ki roto i te whare; engari ko te waihanga rere, te whakaiti i te wā haere, te whakahohe i ngā mahi haumaru, me te whakarite i te tipu ā muri ake nei. Tīmata ki tētahi mahere whare taipitopito e uru ana ki ngā rahinga, ngā wāhi pou, ngā aronga tauranga, ngā wāhi wātea, me ngā rohe kua tohua mō te whiwhi, te whakarite, te kohi, te tākai, me te tuku. Mā ngā tūtohi rere e mahere ana i ngā ara tomo me ngā ara puta, ngā ara whakawhiti-taunga, me ngā nekehanga ā-roto ka āwhina i te tirohanga i ngā taunekeneke me te tautuhi i ngā ara ārai pea. Whakamahia ēnei māramatanga hei wehewehe i tō whare kia rite ki te mahi: me whakanoho ngā kai neke tere ki te taha tata o ngā rohe tuku hei whakaiti i te wā haere me te mahi, ko ngā kai neke puhoi me te rokiroki papatipu ka taea te whakanoho ki ngā rohe tawhiti ake, ki ngā rohe kiato ake.

He maha ngā wā kāore i te tino whakamahia te wāhi poutū. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whatanga, ngā mezzanine, me ngā otinga aunoa te whakahoki mai i te wāhi pūtoru, engari whakaarohia te urunga atu o te tangata me te toro atu o ngā taputapu i te wā e hoahoa ana i te rokiroki poutū. Me whai taputapu hiki hototahi me te whānui o ngā arai mō ngā pūnaha whatanga teitei kia haumaru ai te mahi. I te wā e hoahoa ana i ngā arai, whakatauritea te hiahia mō te kiato me te hiahia mō te urunga atu. Ko ngā pūnaha whaiti-arai me ngā hoahoa tino whaiti-arai (VNA) ka whakanui ake i te rokiroki mō ia putu tapawha, engari me whai taputapu motuhake, ā, ka puhoi pea te kohi mena kāore i te whakahaere tika. Ko ngā rautaki whakarōpū - te whakarite i ngā SKU mā te rahi tinana, te taumaha, me te auau kohi - ka whakamōhio i ngā rahi arai me te tohatoha rokiroki; ko te whakanoho i ngā taonga taumaha, kāore i te auau te neke ki roto i te rokiroki papatipu me ngā SKU mama ake, huri teitei ki ngā mata kohi ka whakaiti i te uaua o te whakahaere.

Whakauruhia ngā mātāpono ergonomic hei whakaiti i te taumahatanga me te whara mō ngā kaikohi. Me hoahoa ngā rohe kohi hei whakaiti i te piko, te toro atu, me te hiki taumaha. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ergonomics poutū me ngā teitei kohi e tika ana, me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu āwhina, i ngā kaikawe rānei, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te tere me te whakaiti i te ngenge. Whakaarohia te whakaurunga o ngā kaikawe, ngā pūnaha kohi-ki-te-mārama, ngā hangarau kohi-ki-te-reo rānei i roto i ngā taiao nui te rahinga hei whakahaere i te whakakotahitanga ota me te whakaiti i te tawhiti hikoi. Me whakamahere wawe ēnei hangarau mō te huarahi, te hiko, me te urunga tiaki.

He mea nui te whakahaere waka. Mā ngā ara forklift kua tohua, ngā ara hikoi mō te hunga hīkoi, me ngā tohu mārama ka whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga aituā, ā, ka ārai i ngā taputapu whakahaere rauemi kia kaua e whakararuraru i ngā mahi kohikohi me te tākai. Ka pāngia ngā whakatakotoranga whatanga e ngā whakaritenga putanga ahi me ngā whakaaro ki te pūnaha tauhiuhi; kia mau tonu ngā āputa e tika ana, ā, kia kore ai ngā whatanga e aukati i te kapi o te tauhiuhi, e kore ai hoki e takahi i ngā huarahi putanga. Mā ngā whakatakotoranga ngāwari e whakauru ana i te whakaritenga rangitahi i ngā wā pīki, i ngā pikinga whakatairanga rānei, ka ārai i te noho puku o ngā mahi. Hei whakamutunga, whakamahia ngā taputapu whakatauira, ngā tātaitanga putanga taketake rānei hei whakatauira i ngā whakatakotoranga kua whakaarohia; mā ēnei ka taea e koe te whakamana i ngā whakaaro mō ngā reiti kohikohi, te whakaiti i te wā haere, me te whakamahinga o te wāhi i mua i te whakaae ki ngā huringa hanganga utu nui.

Ngā Whakaaro mō te Haumaru, te Whakatutukitanga, me te Pumautanga

Ko te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga he āhuatanga e kore e taea te whiriwhiri i roto i te whiriwhiri i ngā pūnaha rokiroki ahumahi. Me tutuki ngā whata me ngā whata i ngā ture hanga ā-rohe, ngā ture ahi, me ngā ture haumaru mahi, ā, me hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā whakatauranga kawenga kua tohua. Ka taea e ngā whata te whakararu kino; me whakarite kia whakatauria ngā whata katoa mō ngā kawenga pūmau me ngā kawenga hihiri e whakamahia ana, ā, kia mārama te tapanga me te whakatinana i ngā kaha kawenga. He mea nui ngā tirotiro auau, nā te mea ka taea e ngā kino pānga mai i ngā forklifts, i ngā papa rānei kua taumaha rawa te whakararu i te hanganga o te hanganga i roto i te wā. Whakatūria he kaupapa tiaki e uru ana ki ngā tirotiro auau, ngā tikanga whakatika tonu mō ngā wāhanga kua pakaru, me ngā wātaka whakakapinga mō ngā wāhanga nui.

He mea nui ngā whakaaro mō te rū whenua me te kawenga hau i ētahi whenua. Tērā pea me tāpiri he tautoko, he pūnaha punga, he hoahoa whatanga motuhake rānei kua whakaritea mō ngā kaha taha. Waihoki, me hiahia pea ngā whakaurunga kokoru teitei, ngā pūnaha mezzanine rānei ki te hangarau motuhake hei whakarite i te pumau i raro i ngā kawenga hihiri. He mea nui anō hoki te whakaurunga haumaru ahi. Me pupuri tonu ngā whakatakotoranga whatanga i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha pupuhi wai, ā, ko ngā momo rokiroki pēnei i ngā taonga mura teitei-puranga ka whakaoho i ngā mahi tiaki ahi tāpiri pēnei i ngā pupuhi wai i roto i te whatanga, te whakanui ake i te tawhiti o ngā ara, te whakapai ake rānei i te kite paowa me te wera.

Ko te pakari e pā ana ki te whiriwhiri rauemi me te pānga ki te taiao. Ka ātete te maitai kore waikura, ngā wāhanga whakarewa rānei ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao mākū, i ngā taiao matū kino rānei, engari he pai pea ngā paninga paura mō ngā wāhi maroke o roto. Mō ngā taiao rokiroki makariri, whakamahia ngā wāhanga kua whakatauria mō ngā pāmahana iti hei ārai i te pakarukaru me te whakarite kia tika te mahi. Whakaarohia te huringa ora o te pūnaha rokiroki — he nui ake ngā utu tīmatanga mō ngā pūnaha kounga teitei engari he iti ake ngā hiahia tiaki me te whakakapinga, ka iti ake te utu katoa o te mana. Ko ngā hononga pūtu ki ngā hanganga whakarewa, te ine o te maitai e whakamahia ana, me te momo whakapiri katoa e whai wāhi ana ki te pakari mō te wā roa.

Kei roto hoki i te whārite haumaru ngā āhuatanga tangata me te whakangungu. Whakaratohia he whakangungu whānui mō ngā kaiwhakahaere forklift, ngā kaikohi, me ngā kaimahi tiaki mō te whakahaere kawenga, te whakarārangi tika, me ngā tikanga tirotiro whatanga. Whakatūria he kaupapa here mārama mō te whakamahinga arawhata, te teitei o te whakarārangi papa, me te whakahaere i ngā papa kua pakaru, i ngā kawenga rānei. Me whakauru ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE), ngā pūnaha whakahaere waka, me ngā mahere urupare ohorere ki ngā mahi o ia rā. Hei whakamutunga, pupuri i ngā tuhinga o ngā tirotiro, ngā whakatikatika, me ngā rekoata whakangungu mō ngā arotakenga ture me ngā whakaritenga inihua, me te whakaatu i tētahi huarahi matatau ki te haumaru i te wāhi mahi.

Te Utu, te ROI, me te Tauine

Ko ngā whakaaro mō te utu kei tua atu i te utu hoko tuatahi o ngā taputapu rokiroki tae atu ki te tāutanga, te whakaurunga ki ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa, te tiaki, me te whirihoranga anō, te whakakorenga rānei i te mutunga. Tīmata ki ngā tātaritanga utu katoa o te mana whakahaere e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai, te mahi tāutanga, te wā kore mahi pea i te wā tāutanga, me te tiaki tonu. Mō ngā pūnaha pēnei i te AS/RS, ngā waka rererangi aunoa rānei, whakaurua te raihana pūmanawa, te whakaurunga pūnaha, me te rarangi wāhanga e toe ana ki roto i tō mahere pūtea. Ko te ROI mō ngā pūnaha whakapaipai nui ka tutuki mā te penapena mahi, te pikinga o te putanga mahi, te tika o te rarangi mahi, me te penapena wāhi, engari ka piki haere ēnei painga i roto i te wā, ā, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā rahinga putanga mahi pumau, matapaetia.

He mea nui te āheinga tauine; ko tētahi pūnaha rokiroki e rite ana ki ngā hiahia o ēnei rā engari kāore e taea te whakawhānui, te urutau rānei, ka noho hei arai ki te tipu. Whakaarohia ngā pūnaha modular ka taea te whakawhānui mā te tāpiri i ngā kokoru, i ngā taumata rānei, i ngā huarahi ranu rānei e āhei ai te mahi ā-ringa i ētahi rohe me ngā otinga aunoa i ētahi atu. Ka taea e ngā kōwhiringa riihi, ngā whakatinanatanga wāhanga rānei te whakataurite i ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai ki ngā ara tipu me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o mua. Hei tāpiri, whakaarohia me pēhea te pānga o ngā huringa ā-muri i roto i te ranunga SKU, ngā huringa ā-wā, ngā raina pakihi hou rānei ki ngā hiahia rokiroki. Mā te hoahoa i ngā tahora ngāwari me ngā ara whakawhānui mārama ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō te mahi anō whakararuraru, utu nui i muri mai.

Arotakehia hoki ngā painga kāore e kitea i roto i ngā tataunga ROI. Ko te whakapai ake i te tika o te ota, te tere ake o te wā kohi, me te whakaiti i te kino o te hua ka whai pānga ki te makona o te kiritaki me ngā hokinga mai, ka puta ai he tiakitanga moni whiwhi me te whakaiti i ngā utu. Me whai whakaaro hoki ki te kaha ki te whakapai ake i ngā inenga haumaru hei whakaiti i ngā kereme utu kaimahi me ngā utu inihua. Ina whakataurite ana i ngā kaihoko me ngā pūnaha, tonoa ngā rangahau take, ngā tohutoro rānei e whakaatu ana i ngā painga ka taea te ine i roto i ngā horopaki whakahaere rite. Whakahaerehia ngā whakatinanatanga whakamātautau, ngā whakamātautau taunakitanga-o-te-kaupapa rānei ina taea hei whakamana i ngā penapena me te mahi e tumanakohia ana i mua i te whakaae ki te whakatinanatanga whānui.

Ko ngā kōwhiringa pūtea — ngā hoko whakapaipai, ngā rīhi, ngā pūtea rānei mā ngā kaihoko taputapu — ka pā ki te pānga o te rere moni mō te wā poto. Whakatauritea te hiahia mō te aunoatanga hou ki te hiahia o te kamupene mō te uauatanga me te mōrearea. I ētahi wā, ko te huringa māmā ake, iti ake te utu, nui te pānga pērā i te arotautanga o ngā mokowā, te whakawhānui iti i ngā whatanga, te whakauru rānei i ngā āwhina ergonomic ka tere ake te whakahokinga mai i te whakatinanatanga aunoatanga katoa. Mā te whakamahere āta i ngā āhuatanga, tae atu ki ngā tātari arotau mō te putanga mahi me ngā whakaaro utu mahi, ka āwhina i te whakarite kia pai te ōhanga o ngā kōwhiringa, ā, kia rite ki ngā kaupapa rautaki matua.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā pūnaha rokiroki ahumahi tika ka tīmata mā te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o tō rawa, ngā rerenga mahi, me ngā here o te whare. Whakamaheretia aua hiahia ki ngā āheinga o ngā kōwhiringa rokiroki rerekē hei kimi i ngā otinga e taurite ana te urunga atu, te kiato, me te utu.

Ka whai whakaaro anō hoki tētahi rautaki rokiroki angitu ki te haumaru, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te roa o te mau o ngā taputapu, me te pupuri tonu i te ngāwari mō te tipu. Mā te whakatairanga i ngā aromatawai whai whakaaro, te whakamahere tahora āta, me te whakaaro katoa mō te utu o te mana whakahaere, ka taea e ngā whare te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha rokiroki e whakapai ake ana i te whai huatanga, e whakaiti ana i te mōrearea, me te tautoko i ngā whāinga pakihi. Whakapaua te wā ki te whakauru i ngā kaipupuri hea, whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau iti ki te taea, me te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga e kore e whakaoti noa i ngā raruraru o nāianei engari e whakanoho ana hoki i tō whare ki te urutau me te whakanui āpōpō.