Iingcebiso zoKhuseleko lweNkqubo yokuGcina iiRaki kwiWarehouse kumashishini

Ii-warehouse zizinto eziphambili kakhulu kurhwebo lwanamhlanje, kwaye iinkqubo zokurhangqa ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile ekwandiseni uxinano lweendawo zokugcina kunye nomsebenzi. Kodwa imveliso kunye nenzuzo akufuneki zize zithintele ukhuseleko. Eli nqaku liqala ngamaqhinga asebenzayo, anefuthe elikhulu anceda amashishini akhusele abantu, iiasethi, kunye nemisebenzi. Nokuba ulawula iziko elincinci lokusasaza okanye indawo enkulu yokufezekisa, ezi ngqiqo ziya kukunceda ubeke phambili kwaye usebenzise amanyathelo anciphisa umngcipheko kwaye akhuthaze ukuqina kwexesha elide.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esisebenzayo esiquka ucwangciso, uyilo, ukufakwa, iindlela zokusebenza, uhlolo, kunye nokuphendula. Icandelo ngalinye lijongana neengozi eziqhelekileyo kwaye linikezela ngeengcebiso ezithatha inyathelo ngenyathelo ezilula ukuzamkela nokuzivumelanisa neemfuno ezizodwa zesikhungo sakho.

Uvavanyo loMngcipheko kunye noCwangciso

Ukhuseleko olusebenzayo luqala ngaphambi kokuba kuchazwe okanye kuthengwe naziphi na izinto zokurhangqa. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomngcipheko kunye nesigaba sokucwangcisa sibeka isiseko senkqubo yokurhangqa ehambelana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nolindelo lolawulo. Qala ngokumakisha indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nokuchonga ukuhamba kwezithuthi - zombini iilori zabahambi ngeenyawo nezisebenza ngenjini - kubandakanya iindlela eziqhelekileyo, i-radii yokujika, iindawo zokutshixa, kunye neendawo apho iirakhi ziya kudibana needokhi, ii-aisles, kunye neendawo zokulayisha. Qonda iintlobo zemithwalo ekufuneka igcinwe: ubungakanani beepalethi, ubunzima, uqwalaselo lomthwalo weyunithi, iipateni zokubeka, kunye nemithwalo enamandla engeniswa zizixhobo zokuphatha. Cinga ngezinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokuvezwa okunokwenzeka kokubola, kunye neemfuno zomthwalo wenyikima okanye womoya. Inkqubo yokucwangcisa kufuneka ibandakanye abachaphazelekayo abasebenza ngokudibeneyo: abaphathi beendawo zokugcina impahla, iinjineli, abaqhubi beeforklift, amagosa okhuseleko, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, abacebisi bobunjineli bezakhiwo okanye bemizi-mveliso bangaphandle. Amaxwebhu ngexesha lokucwangcisa kufuneka abambe iitafile zomthwalo, amazinga okuphumelela alindelweyo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zokukhula kwixesha elizayo; iirakhi ezikhethiweyo namhlanje kufuneka zilungelelaniswe notshintsho kumxube wemveliso okanye amazinga aphezulu okutshintsha ngomso. Beka phambili uhlalutyo lwengozi oluchonga apho ukungqubana, ukulayisha kakhulu, okanye iindlela ezingafanelekanga zokulayisha zinokubangela ukudilika, ukulahleka kwemveliso, okanye ukwenzakala. Sebenzisa iirekhodi zeziganeko zangaphambili, iirekhodi eziphantse zaphosakala, kunye nemilinganiselo yoshishino ukuze unike ulwazi kolu vavanyo. Misela iinjongo zokhuseleko ezilinganisekayo: ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo kwerakhi, iimfuno zokunciphisa impembelelo yokungqubana, kunye nokuphindaphinda kokuhlolwa. Guqula ezi njongo zibe ziinkcazo zezinto zokurhangqa (ubukhulu bekholamu, umthamo webham, iimfuno zokuxhasa, iinkqubo zokubambelela) kunye neendlela zokulawula iziko ezifana nokumisela ububanzi bendlela kunye neempawu. Amaqhinga okunciphisa umngcipheko kwisigaba sokucwangcisa kufuneka ajongane neemeko zengxakeko: iindlela ezicacileyo zokuphuma, ukuhlanganiswa kokucima umlilo, kunye nokufikelela kwabaphenduli bengxakeko. Ngokutyala ixesha kwinqanaba lovavanyo lomngcipheko oluneenkcukacha kunye nesigaba sokucwangcisa, amashishini aphepha ukulungiswa okubiza kakhulu kwaye anciphise kakhulu amathuba okusilela okukhulu xa inkqubo yokurhangqa isetyenziswa.

Uyilo olufanelekileyo lweRakhi, Ukukhetha, kunye noLawulo loMthwalo

Ukukhetha inkqubo yokurhangqa efanelekileyo kungaphezulu kokukhetha imodeli yekhathalogu; kufuna uyilo oluhambelana nokusetyenziswa. Qala ngeenkcazo eziqhutywa bubunjineli zoyilo lokurhangqa. Cinga ngokurhangqa iipalethi ezikhethiweyo kwimigca yemveliso exutyiweyo, iinkqubo ezinzulu kabini okanye eziqhubayo zokugcina uxinano olukhulu, kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba kweepalethi okanye zokutyhala umva kwiimfuno zeFIFO/LIFO. Uhlobo ngalunye luzisa imida eyahlukeneyo yomthwalo kunye neemfuno zokuphatha. Nakweyiphi na inkqubo ekhethiweyo, chaza amandla emitha, isithuba seshelufu, ukuphakama kweepalethi, kunye nobukhulu beekholamu ngokusekelwe kubalo lomthwalo wobunjineli. Qinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwenkqubo luquka ukuxhathisa okwaneleyo, iziqinisi ezithe tye nezithe tyaba, kunye nokubambelela kwiziseko zekhonkrithi. Ulawulo lomthwalo lufuna iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo: ipalethi nganye kufuneka ibe neelebheli ezicacileyo, ezisisigxina ezibonisa umthwalo ophezulu ovumelekileyo kwishelufu nganye kunye nepalethi nganye, ezichazwe kwiiyunithi eziqondakalayo. Qeqesha abasebenzi ukuba batolike ezi lebheli kwaye baqinisekise ubunzima beepalethi kunye nemveliso ngaphambi kokubekwa. Apho ubunzima obuguquguqukayo okanye imithwalo engazinzile ixhaphakileyo, kufuneka ubunzima okanye isiqinisekiso semithwalo yeyunithi kwiindawo zokubeka ngaphambi kokurhangqa. Sebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yemeko yeepalethi - eqhutywa ziikhrayitheriya zokuhlola ezithintela iipalethi ezonakeleyo okanye imithwalo ejingayo ukuba ingangeni kwiindlela zokurhangqa. Ii-overhangs kunye nemithwalo engalinganiyo zinokubangela umthwalo ongaqhelekanga onciphisa kakhulu umthamo kwaye wonyusa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwemitha. Yenza imithetho ecacileyo malunga nokuphakama kwe-stacking ngokumalunga nokugubungela i-sprinkler kunye neekhowudi zomlilo; ii-rack eziphazamisana neenkqubo zoxinzelelo zinokulibazisa impendulo kwaye zenze iimeko zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Ingqwalasela kwimithwalo eguqukayo: ii-forklifts ukuphakamisa okanye ukufaka imithwalo kusebenzisa amandla adlula ubunzima obungaguqukiyo, kwaye imithwalo yempembelelo ngexesha lokuphathwa kakubi inokuba nkulu. Yila ii-rack ucinga ngokhuseleko lwempembelelo: yongeza ii-column guards, izikhuseli zesiphelo se-aisle, kunye ne-anchoring eqinileyo. Cinga ngokusetyenziswa kwee-decking ezenziwe ngobunjineli, ezifana ne-wire mesh okanye ii-steel decks, ukuxhasa iimpahla ezifakwe kwi-pallet kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba izinto ziwe kwii-beams. Kwizixhobo ezine-turnover enzima okanye ezitshintsha iiprofayili zemveliso, faka amanqanaba emitha ehlengahlengiswayo kunye nezinto ze-modular ukuze ulungelelanise umthamo ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko. Okokugqibela, gcina imizobo eneenkcukacha ezakhiweyo kunye nedatha yomthamo womthwalo kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuze abasebenzi kunye nabahloli bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza ukuthotyelwa kwemilinganiselo yoyilo.

Ukufakela kunye nokulungisa Iindlela ezilungileyo zoKwenza

Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa ngononophelo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokurhangqa zisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kulo lonke ubomi bazo benkonzo. Ukufakelwa kufuneka kwenziwe ziingcali eziqinisekisiweyo ezilandela izikhokelo zokudibanisa zomenzi kunye nezicwangciso zobunjineli ezithile kwindawo ethile. Ngaphambi kokuba ufakelo luqale, qinisekisa ukuthembeka kweslab yekhonkrithi, iinkcukacha zebholiti ye-anchor, kunye noseto lwe-torque ye-anchor; ukurhangqa okungafanelekanga kunokwenza nokuba irhangi eyilwe kakuhle ingazinzi phantsi komthwalo okanye ukungqubana. Ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa, qinisekisa ukuba yonke imiqadi itshixeka ngokukhuselekileyo kwiifreyimu usebenzisa iikliphu zokhuseleko okanye iiphini zokutshixa; ukubandakanyeka okwethutyana okanye okungaphelelanga kunegalelo eliqhelekileyo ekungaphumelelini kwerhangi. Zonke izinto kufuneka zilungelelaniswe, zifakwe amapayipi, kwaye zilinganiswe ngokwee-standard zoyilo. Emva kokufakelwa, yenza uhlolo olusemthethweni, olubhalwe phantsi kunye nokusayinwa yinjineli efanelekileyo, udale irekhodi elihlala lihleli leemeko ezakhiweyo kunye nokuphambuka. Ukugcinwa kuyaqhubeka: misela ishedyuli yokuhlolwa rhoqo equka ukujonga okubonakalayo kwemihla ngemihla ngabaqhubi kunye nokuhlolwa okuneenkcukacha kweveki okanye kwenyanga ngabasebenzi bokulungisa abaqeqeshiweyo. Landela imiba efana neebhile ezigobileyo, iifreyimu ezijijekileyo, iikliphu zokhuseleko ezingekhoyo, ii-anchors ezikhululekileyo, kunye ne-decking eyonakeleyo. Sebenzisa inkqubo yokulungisa eqinileyo: izinto ezonakeleyo kufuneka zitshintshwe ngezinto ezivunyiweyo ngumenzi kwaye zingalungiswa okanye ziqiniswe okwethutyana ngokulungiswa okwethutyana. Gcina uluhlu lwezinto ezibalulekileyo zokutshintshwa ukuze unciphise ixesha lokungasebenzi. Sebenzisa amanyathelo okukhusela ukunciphisa umonakalo ovela kwizixhobo zokuphatha: faka ii-bollards okanye izithintelo zeerakhi eziphelweni zee-aisles, yongeza ii-column guards kunye nee-rack protectors kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, kwaye ucinge ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezithintelayo apho ukujolisa phambili okanye umva kweelori kwandisa amathuba okungqubana. Ukugcinwa kwendalo kubalulekile; lawula uthuli kunye nenkunkuma ukuthintela iingozi zomlilo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zokutshiza azithintelwa ziimpahla ezigciniweyo. Landelela ukulungiswa kunye neziganeko kwi-centralized maintenance log ukuze uchonge iindawo ezinengxaki eziphindaphindayo - umzekelo, ipateni yomonakalo kwindawo ethile inokubonisa umba wolwakhiwo okanye ukuhamba kwezithuthi endaweni yempazamo yomqhubi. Okokugqibela, cwangcisa uvavanyo lobuchwephesha rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kweziganeko ezibalulekileyo, utshintsho kwiprofayili yemveliso, okanye utshintsho kwi-rack layout, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo okuqhubekayo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi, iiNkqubo, kunye neMikhwa yoKhuseleko emsebenzini

Izinto ezichaphazela abantu zibalulekile ekuthinteleni iziganeko zokurhangqa. Inkqubo yoqeqesho ebanzi inciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kwaye idala inkcubeko yokhuseleko apho abasebenzi baqaphela iingozi baze benze ngokukhutheleyo. Qala ngoqeqesho olusemthethweni lwabo bonke abasebenzi abasebenzisana neenkqubo zokurhangqa: abaqhubi beeforklift, abadibanisi beepallet, abaqokeleli, abasebenzi bolondolozo, kunye nabaphathi. Uqeqesho kufuneka lugubungele iziseko ezifana nomthamo womthwalo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokubeka iipallet, ukutolika iilebheli zomthamo, kunye nokuqaphela izinto ezonakeleyo zokurhangqa. Kubaqhubi beeforklift, gxininisa ulawulo lwesantya ngaphakathi kweepallet, indlela echanekileyo kunye neendlela zokurhoxa xa ubeka iipallet, kunye nokubaluleka kokusebenzisa ii-spotters kwiindawo ezingaboniyo okanye iiracks ezigcwele kakhulu. Phuhlisa iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni (ii-SOP) ezilula ukuzibhekisa, kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye noluhlu olufutshane lokujonga imisebenzi yesiqhelo. Qinisekisa imithetho malunga nokushiya izinto ezingagunyaziswanga kwiipallet, ukubeka ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba amiselweyo, kunye nokubeka iipallet ezonakeleyo kwiiracks. Khuthaza ukuxela malunga nokuphosa okukufutshane ngenkqubo engaziwa okanye engeyohlwayo ukuqokelela idatha enokwenzeka kunye nokuqinisa uphuculo oluqhubekayo. Uqeqesho olusebenzayo kunye neeseshoni zokuhlaziya zibalulekile - linganisa iimeko ezifana nokuwa kwe-beam engaphelelanga okanye ii-aisles ezivaliweyo ukuvavanya iinkqubo zokuphendula kunye nokwakha inkumbulo yemisipha. Nika amandla abaphathi bomgangatho ukuba bayeke umsebenzi ukuba kukho iimeko ezingakhuselekanga, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba kukho iindlela zokulungisa ngokukhawuleza, ezinje ngokubeka uphawu kunye nokususa iirakhi ezonakeleyo kwinkonzo de zilungiswe. Cinga ngoqeqesho olugxile kwi-ergonomics yabaqokeleli ukuthintela ukuwisa izinto ezinokubangela iirakhi okanye zidale iingozi zokukhubeka. Hlanganisa uqeqesho malunga neenkqubo zongxamiseko ezibandakanya iindlela zokuphuma, indlela yokwahlula ngokukhuselekileyo iindawo zeerakhi ezichaphazelekayo, kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana ngeziganeko kubaphathi kunye nabaphenduli bengxamiseko. Hlola rhoqo ukusebenza koqeqesho ngokujonga iindlela zokusebenza, ujonge ukuthobela ii-SOP, kwaye ucele ingxelo kubasebenzi malunga neenkqubo ezingacacanga okanye imingeni exhaphakileyo. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle nabalumkileyo ngowona mgca usebenzayo wokuzikhusela kwiingozi ezinxulumene neerakhi.

Uhlolo oluQhelekileyo, ukuBekwa esweni, kunye nokuphendula kwiZigameko

Uhlolo oluqhubekayo kunye nesicwangciso esicacileyo sokuphendula kwisiganeko kuqinisekisa ukuba xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle, umonakalo uyathintelwa kwaye izizathu ziyasonjululwa. Sebenzisa inkqubo yokuhlola enamaleko amaninzi: ukuhambahamba kwemihla ngemihla kwabaqhubi ukuchonga umonakalo ocacileyo, ukujonga okubonakalayo ngeveki ngabasebenzi bokulungisa, kunye nokuhlolwa okubanzi kwekota okanye kwesiqingatha sonyaka okwenziwa ngabasebenzi bokhuseleko abafanelekileyo okanye abahloli beqela lesithathu. Sebenzisa uluhlu lokuhlola olubonisa ukulungelelaniswa kwemisebe, ukuthe tye kwekholamu, ukuthembeka kwebholiti yeankile, ubukho beekliphu zokhuseleko, kunye nemeko yedekhi. Bhala phantsi nawuphi na umonakalo ngefoto kwaye ngoko nangoko ubeke uphawu kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo njengezingasebenzi de kugqitywe ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo. Cinga ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo: izinzwa zomthwalo, ukulandelwa kwe-RFID yobunzima bepalethi, kunye ne-CCTV kwiindlela eziphambili zinokubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwangethuba. Hlanganisa ukujonga okusekwe kwimeko apho iindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zifumana ingqwalasela rhoqo. Xa kwenzeka isiganeko - nokuba yimpembelelo encinci okanye ukuwohloka okukhulu - landela inkqubo yokuphendula ecacileyo neqhelanisiweyo. Vikela indawo ukuze uthintele ukwenzakala kwesibini, wazise abasebenzi abafunekayo, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, bandakanya iinjineli zesakhiwo ukuvavanya uzinzo ngaphambi kokuba nabani na azame ukulungisa. Qokelela idatha yesiganeko: ngubani owayebandakanyekile, ulandelelwano lweziganeko, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nemeko yezixhobo. Sebenzisa le datha kwizenzo zokulungisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nohlalutyo lwesizathu esisisiseko ukuchonga imiba yenkqubo - nokuba yenkqubo, enxulumene noqeqesho, okanye ukusilela koyilo. Bhala phantsi zonke iziphumo kwingxelo yeziganeko kwaye usebenzise izicwangciso zezenzo zokulungisa kunye noxanduva olunikiweyo kunye namaxesha. Xela izifundo ozifundileyo kubasebenzi ngokukhawuleza ukuze iziganeko ezifanayo zithintelwe. Kwiziganeko ezinkulu, jonga iimfuno zeinshorensi kunye neembopheleleko zengxelo zomthetho; qinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu akho ayahlangabezana neemfuno zabahloli kunye nabanikezeli beinshorensi. Okokugqibela, yakha iluphu yempendulo apho iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo lweziganeko zazisa uhlaziyo kuqeqesho, ii-SOP, kunye notshintsho loyilo. Uphuculo oluqhubekayo olusekelwe kuhlolo kunye nedatha yeziganeko luguqula iimpendulo ezisabelayo zibe kuthintelo olusebenzayo.

Ngamafutshane, ukukhusela iinkqubo zokurhangqa ii-warehouse ngumzamo onamacandelo amaninzi odibanisa ucwangciso olucingisisiweyo, uyilo olukhokelwa bubunjineli, ukufakwa nokugcinwa okucwangcisiweyo, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, kunye neendlela zokuhlola ezingqongqo. Into nganye iyaqinisa ezinye: uyilo oluhle lwenza ukugcinwa kube lula, uqeqesho olusebenzayo lunciphisa ukuziphatha okunobungozi, kwaye ukuhlolwa rhoqo kubamba iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubeke.

Ngokuzibophelela kule migaqo - ukusuka kuvavanyo lomngcipheko kwangethuba ukuya kwizicwangciso zokuphendula ezicacileyo zezehlo - amashishini anokunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okusilela kweerakhi, akhusele abasebenzi bawo, kwaye agcine uluhlu lwezinto ezixabisekileyo. Sebenzisa la maqhinga ngokuthe ngcembe, ubhale phantsi inkqubela phambili, kwaye ulinganise iziphumo zokwakha indawo yokugcina impahla ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo ngakumbi.