Iinkqubo zokuQokelela iiNdawo zoShishino eziNtsha zokuGcina iiNdawo zoShishino eziSebenza kakuhle

Imarike yehlabathi yokugcina impahla kunye neyothutho iye yatshintsha ngokukhawuleza, iqhutywa kukunyuka korhwebo lwe-e-commerce kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji. Ngokwengxelo evela kwiFortune Business Insights, imarike yehlabathi yokugcina impahla kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ukusuka kwi-$577.06 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2021 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$1 trillion ngo-2030, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) le-8.1%. Oku kunyuka okumangalisayo kugxininisa isidingo esingxamisekileyo sokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwenza ngcono imisebenzi yokugcina impahla, kubeka iinkqubo ezintsha zokurhangqa amashishini phambili kolu tshintsho. Amashishini aya eqonda ngakumbi ukuba izisombululo zawo zokugcina izinto zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle, ulawulo lwezinto, kunye nenzuzo iyonke.

Ukugcina impahla ngendlela esebenzayo akusekho nje malunga nokugcina impahla; kubandakanya ukudibana okuntsonkothileyo kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ulawulo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nemveliso. Ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa eziphambili kubalulekile ukuze kusetyenziswe indawo yokugcina impahla kakuhle kwaye kube lula ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kweempahla. Izisombululo zokurhangqa ezintsha aziphuculi nje kuphela uxinano lweendawo zokugcina impahla kodwa zikwaphucula ukufikeleleka kunye nokhuseleko, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekwanelisekeni kwabathengi okuphuculweyo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Njengoko amashishini efuna ukuhambisana nemfuno ekhulayo kunye nokulindela okunyukayo, uyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa ezisebenzayo kakhulu kuba yinto ephambili.

Ukuqonda iiNkqubo zokuQokelela ezintsha

Iinkqubo zokurhangqa ezintsha ziqulunqela uluhlu olubanzi lwezisombululo ezenzelwe ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukusebenza kwiindawo zokugcina impahla. Ukusuka kwiirakhi ezikhethiweyo ukuya kwiinkqubo zokugcina nokubuyisela izinto ngokuzenzekelayo, ezi zisombululo zihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikali zokusebenza. Iirakhi ezikhethiweyo, esinye sezona zisombululo zisebenziseka lula, zivumela ukufikelela lula kwiimpahla ezigciniweyo, okwenza kube yeyona ifanelekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina impahla ezinempahla eyahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo ihlala inezakhelo ezithe nkqo ezixhasa imiqadi ethe tye, idala iindlela zokugcina impahla nganye. Ngokuvumela ukufikelela ngqo kwipalethi nganye, iinkqubo zokurhangqa ezikhethiweyo zinciphisa ixesha kunye nomgudu ofunekayo wokufumana impahla.

Kwelinye icala, iinkqubo zokurhangqa eziqhutywayo neziqhutywayo zibonelela ngezisombululo zokugcina ezinoxinano olukhulu kwiimveliso ezifanayo. Ezi nkqubo zidala indawo yokugcina encinci, zinciphisa ubungakanani bendawo efunekayo. Ukurhangqa okuqhutywayo kuvumela iilori zepallet ukuba ziqhube ngqo kwisakhiwo sokurhangqa, zenza ngcono indawo ethe nkqo kwaye kwandise umthamo wokugcina. Kwelinye icala, ukurhangqa okuqhutywayo kuvumela ukufikelela kumacala omabini, kuphucula ukuhamba kweempahla. Ezi nkqubo zilungele ngokukodwa iimveliso ezinomthamo omkhulu kunye neendidi ezimbalwa, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zingabalulekanga kumashishini afana nokutya neziselo.

Ukongeza kwizisombululo zemveli, iinkqubo zokurhangqa ezizenzekelayo zibonelela ngophuhliso olukhululekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina impahla ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Iinkqubo zokugcina kunye nokuBuyisa eziZenzekelayo (AS/RS) zisebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwerobhothi kunye nedatha ukuze zizenzele ulawulo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ezi nkqubo zinokunciphisa kakhulu amaxesha okukhetha, zonyuse ukuchaneka, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa ii-algorithms eziphambili kunye nokufaka iitekhnoloji ezifana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (IoT), amashishini anokufumana ulwazi ngexesha langempela kumanqanaba ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye alungelelanise imisebenzi yawo yokuhambisa izinto. Ukuguqukela kwi-automation ngokusisiseko kukuguqula amaqhinga okugcina izinto, okwenza amashishini akwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi banamhlanje ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

Iingenelo zeNkqubo zokuQokelela eziSebenza kakuhle kakhulu

Ukutyala imali kwiinkqubo ezintsha zokurhangqa izinto kuvelisa iingenelo ezininzi, ngakumbi malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwendawo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili kukwandisa indawo ethe nkqo, edla ngokusetyenziswa kancinci kwizisombululo zendabuko zokurhangqa izinto. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokurhangqa izinto ezinoxinano olukhulu, ii-warehouses zinokwandisa amandla azo okugcina izinto ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandiswa ngokwasemzimbeni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho iindleko zezindlu ziphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina izinto kuncedisa ekulawulweni ngcono kwezinto ezikhoyo, okuvumela iinkampani ukuba zigcine impahla eninzi ngaphandle kokufumana iindleko ezongezelelweyo.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kugcinwa izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezintsha zokurhangqa zenziwe ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezinciphisa umngcipheko weengozi. Umzekelo, iimodeli ezininzi zibandakanya uzinzo oluphuculweyo kunye neendlela zokusasaza ubunzima, ziphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka ngokubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, uyilo lweendawo zokugcina olufikelelekayo nolucwangcisiweyo lunciphisa ixesha abasebenzi abalichitha bekhangela iimveliso kunye nokuphatha izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimisebenzi elula. Oku akuphakamisi nje kuphela umoya wabasebenzi ngokudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kodwa kukwafaka ukuzithemba okukhulu ekulawulweni kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko yenye into ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ukwamkelwa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa eziphucukileyo. Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala lunokubonakala lukhulu, ukonga kwexesha elide ngokunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwendawo, kunye neendlela zokulawula izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zingaphezulu kweendleko zangaphambili. Ngokutsho kophando olupapashwe yi-Warehousing Education and Research Council (WERC), iinkampani ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokurhangqa eziphucukileyo zihlala zifumana ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%. Ukongeza, ngokuphucula ukuchaneka kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphela kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye ukugcwala kakhulu kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, amashishini anokuphucula ulwaneliseko lwabathengi kunye nokugcinwa kwazo, nto leyo echaphazela kakuhle umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ukukhetha Inkqubo Yokurhangqa Efanelekileyo Kwindawo Yakho Yokugcina Izinto

Ukukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo yokurhangqa kufuna uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya uyilo lwendawo yokugcina impahla, uhlobo lwempahla, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo luqala ngokuqonda iimfuno ezithile zeshishini. Umzekelo, amashishini ajongene neentlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso anokufumanisa ukuba inkqubo yokurhangqa ekhethiweyo iyahlangabezana neemfuno zawo, ngelixa abo balawula inani elikhulu leemveliso ezifanayo banokungenelwa ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokurhangqa eziqhutywa ngemoto.

Ukongeza, ubukhulu bendawo yokugcina impahla budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukuba yeyiphi isisombululo sokurhangqa esifanelekileyo kwindawo leyo. Iisilingi eziphakamileyo zinokwenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokurhangqa ezinde ezinika indawo ethe nkqo, ngelixa iindawo zokugcina impahla ezincinci zinokuncedwa ngcono ziinkqubo zemodyuli ezivumela ukuguquguquka nokukhula. Iinkampani kufuneka ziqwalasele uhlobo lwezinto ezigcinwayo, njengoko ezinye iindlela zokucwangcisa zilungele ngcono iimpahla ezinkulu, ngelixa ezinye zenzelwe izinto ezincinci nezikhawulezayo.

Ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zolawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla (i-WMS) yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezisombululo zokurhangqa ezizenzekelayo kuxhomekeke ekudibaneni okungenamthungo nobuchwepheshe beendawo zokugcina impahla obukhoyo, kuquka ulawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla kunye neenkqubo zothutho. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamandla obuchwepheshe bezisombululo zokurhangqa izinto kunokukhokelela kwinzuzo enkulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle ngokulandelela kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwezinto ezikhoyo.

Okokugqibela, ukufumana iinkqubo zokurhangqa kubavelisi abaziwayo kuqinisekisa ukuqina nokuthembeka, kunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi. Ukudala ubudlelwane nabathengisi abaphambili kushishino kukhuthaza inkxaso eqhubekayo kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, kubonelela amashishini ngokufikelela kuphuhliso lwamva nje kubuchwepheshe borhangqa.

Iindlela Zekamva Kwiinkqubo Zokurhangqa Imizi-mveliso

Njengoko ishishini lokugcina impahla liqhubeka lihambela phambili, iinkqubo zokubeka izinto ezirhangqiweyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba nazo zilandele indlela efanayo, ziqhelane neendlela ezintsha kunye netekhnoloji. Enye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo kukuhlanganiswa ngakumbi koomatshini kwiinkqubo zokubeka izinto ezirhangqiweyo. Njengoko amashishini esiya eguqukela kwizisombululo ezizenzekelayo zokusebenza kakuhle, uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokubeka izinto ezirhangqiweyo ezisebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini luya luxhaphaka ngakumbi. Ezi nkqubo zinokuphucula ukwabiwa kwezinto zokugcina, ziqikelele iimfuno zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ziqalise neenkqubo zokubeka izinto ezirhangqiweyo ngokwazo.

Uzinzo lolunye uhlobo oludumileyo olubumba ikamva le-racking yemizi-mveliso. Iinkampani ezininzi zizama ukwamkela iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kwaye uyilo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ze-racking ziyinxalenye yale nyathelo. Abavelisi bazisa izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye noyilo olusebenzisa amandla kakuhle, behlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zamashishini zokunciphisa impembelelo ye-carbon yabo ngelixa besenza imisebenzi ibe lula.

Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweenkqubo zokurhangqa izinto kuyanda. Ngenxa yeemfuno zemarike eziguquguqukayo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, amashishini afuna izisombululo eziguquguqukayo ezinokulungiswa ngokweemfuno zawo ezithile. Iinkqubo zokurhangqa izinto kwixesha elizayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba zibandakanye uyilo lweemodyuli, nto leyo evumela iinkampani ukuba zilungelelanise ngokulula iindawo zazo zokugcina izinto njengoko iimfuno zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zitshintsha.

Okokugqibela, ukunyuka kokuthengiswa kwe-omnichannel kufuna izisombululo zokuqokelela izinto ezinokuhlangabezana neenkqubo ze-inventory ezitshintshatshintshayo ukuze zisebenze zombini iindlela ze-intanethi kunye nezezitena kunye nodaka ngokufanelekileyo. Iinkqubo zokuqokelela izinto ezinokuxhasa zombini iindlela zokugcina izinto ezininzi zemveli kunye neenkqubo ezincinci, ezikhawulezayo zokufumana izinto ziya kuba zithandwa kakhulu, ziqinisekisa ukuba amashishini ahlala ekhawuleza kwindawo yokuthengisa ekhawulezayo.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo ezintsha zokurhangqa amashishini zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwinguquko yokugcina impahla esebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Njengoko iindlela ezifana nokuziqhelanisa, ukuzinza, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kunye nokuthengisa nge-omnichannel kutshintsha iindlela zokugcina impahla, amashishini kufuneka ahlale phambili ngokutyala imali kwizisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokurhangqa. Ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo, ukuphucula ukhuseleko, kunye nokuqhuba ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ezi nkqubo azigcini nje ngokuphucula imisebenzi yangoku kodwa zikwabeka iinkampani kwimpumelelo yexesha elide.

Indawo yokugcina impahla yanamhlanje ifuna izisombululo eziguquguqukayo ezinokuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza neemfuno ezitshintshayo kunye nobunzima bokusebenza. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokurhangqa nokuvavanya impembelelo yazo enokubakho, amashishini anokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi eziphucula imveliso kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhokelele ekukhuleni okuzinzileyo kwimarike ekhuphisanayo. Njengoko imeko yendawo yokugcina impahla iqhubeka nokuguquka ngesantya esiphezulu, iinkqubo ezintsha zokurhangqa ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lezothutho kunye nolawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela.