Indlela Yokuvavanya Iimfuno Zeshishini Lakho Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Izisombululo Zokugcina Izinto Kwindawo Yokugcina Izinto

Kwicandelo lobonelelo ngeenkonzo, imiba yokugcina izinto idla ngokuba yimiqobo kuphuhliso lweshishini. Ukusilela kwezinto ezikhoyo, indawo enganeleyo, kunye nolawulo olungenamsebenzi—ezi ngxaki zibonakala zingenamsebenzi zinokuthintela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye zisongele nenzuzo. Iinkampani ezininzi zityala imali eninzi kwizixhobo zokugcina izinto eziphambili kunye neenkqubo zokuzenzekelayo, kodwa aziyihoyi imfuneko ebalulekileyo: uvavanyo olupheleleyo lweemfuno zazo zeshishini lubalulekile ngaphambi kokukhetha isisombululo sokugcina izinto. Eli nyathelo limisela ukuba nengqondo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kotyalo-mali olulandelayo; kungenjalo, bonke ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bunokuba yingcamango nje yethiyori, engaphumeleliyo ukuguqulela kwinzuzo yokwenyani yokukhuphisana.

Njengoko zijongene neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemarike, amanqanaba empahla atshintsha rhoqo, kunye nokhuphiswano oluqatha ngakumbi kushishino, amashishini ahlala ewela kwimigibe "yokulandela iindlela ezingaqhelekanga" kunye "nokwabiwa kakubi kwezixhobo." Isisombululo sendawo yokugcina impahla esingahambelani neemfuno zokwenyani zeshishini asipheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno ezisisiseko zokusebenza zemihla ngemihla kodwa sinokukhokelela ekuchithweni kweendleko kunye nokucubungula imiqobo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhethwa kwesisombululo sendawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka kusekelwe ekuqondeni okunzulu imeko yangoku yenkampani, uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo, kunye neendlela zoshishino. Kuphela ngale ndlela sinokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqhinga endawo yokugcina impahla ahambelana ngokusondeleyo neenjongo zoshishino, ngaloo ndlela sifezekisa ukuhambelana okusebenzayo kokubonelela kunye neemfuno kunye nophuhliso oluqinileyo lwekhonkco lokubonelela.

I-Harvard Business Review yakha yabonisa ukuba icebo elifanelekileyo lokugcina impahla linokuzisa iinkampani "ukwanda okuphindwe kane ekusebenzeni kakuhle." Oku akusiyo nje inkuthazo yamanani kodwa kukwaqinisekisa ngamandla uvavanyo lweemfuno zesicwangciso. Ukuze iinkampani zenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo phakathi kweendlela ezininzi zokugcina impahla ukuze ziphuhlise, umsebenzi ophambili kukucacisa iimfuno zazo eziphambili. Oku akubandakanyi nje kuphela uyilo lwendawo yokugcina impahla kodwa kunye neentlobo zokugcina impahla, iinkqubo zolawulo, usetyenziso lwetekhnoloji, ulawulo lweendleko, kunye nokwandiswa kwexesha elizayo. Kuphela emva kokuqonda ngokunzulu ezi mfuno apho iinkampani zinokuqulunqa icebo lesayensi nelifanelekileyo lokugcina impahla, ngaloo ndlela zihlale zingenakunqotshwa kukhuphiswano olukhulu lwemarike.

Chaza iinkqubo zoshishino kunye neemfuno zokugcina

Ngaphambi kokuvavanya isisombululo sendawo yokugcina impahla, iinkampani kufuneka ziqale zihlalutye iinkqubo zazo zoshishino. Inyathelo ngalinye lemisebenzi yogcino-mpahla, ukusuka ekuthengweni, ekufumaneni, ekugcineni, ukuya ekuhanjisweni nasekuhanjisweni kwezinto eziphumayo, yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela iimfuno zeendawo zokugcina impahla. Ukuqonda iimpawu kunye nemiqobo yala manyathelo kunceda iinkampani zigqibe iimfuno zazo ezithile zendawo yokugcina impahla, izixhobo zokugcina impahla, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Umzekelo, iimveliso ezikhawulezayo zifuna iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokungena nokuphuma, ngelixa iimpahla ezibuthathaka okanye ezigcinwe ngokukodwa zifuna izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo zokugcina impahla.

Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lweenkqubo zoshishino lukwabandakanya nokuvavanya ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukunyuka okuphezulu kuthetha ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwendawo yokugcina impahla, okunokuthi kukhuthaze ulwakhiwo lwendlu yokugcina impahla encinci, eneendawo ezininzi, eneendawo ezininzi; ngelixa ukwehla okuphantsi kunokudinga indawo yokugcina impahla enkulu, ephakathi ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zolawulo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphindaphinda kwee-odolo kunye nobukhulu bee-odolo nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zee-odolo ezincinci ziqhuba iinkampani ukuba ziyile iinkqubo zokugcina impahla eziguquguqukayo nezikhawulezayo; ngelixa amashishini amakhulu athengisa ngobuninzi exhomekeke ngakumbi kwizisombululo ezinomthamo ophezulu nezizenzekelayo.

Iinkampani kufuneka zichaze izalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili (ii-KPI), ezinje ngeendleko zokugcina, ukuchaneka kwempahla, ixesha lokungena nelokuphumayo, kunye nezinga lokulahleka kweempahla. Ezi zalathisi aziboneleli nje kuphela ngeenjongo ezinokulinganiswa kodwa zikwanceda ekuchongeni iziphene kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo, zibonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sokwenza izigqibo. Ngokusekelwe koku, iinkampani zinokucacisa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo kulawulo lwe-warehouse: ngaba kukulandela ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, okanye ukulinganisela phakathi kwezi zimbini? Ukucacisa iimfuno akupheleli nje ekuqondeni imisebenzi yomntu kodwa kukwakhokela uyilo olujoliswe kuzo lwezisombululo ezilandelayo.

Hlalutya iimfuno zokukhula nokwandiswa kwexesha elizayo

Iimfuno zenkampani zokugcina impahla azimi ndawonye kodwa ziyaguquka njengoko ishishini layo likhula. Ukuqikelela iindlela zokukhula kwixesha elizayo linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sokugcina impahla. Ukungaphumeleli ukucwangcisa ikamva kunokukhokelela kutyalo-mali olungafunekiyo okanye ukungabikho kwemali eyaneleyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukuguquguquka kwenkampani kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo ekwandiseni. Xa kuqhutywa uvavanyo lweemfuno, iinkampani kufuneka ziqwalasele ngononophelo iinjongo zazo zokukhula kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, zithathela ingqalelo iindlela zoshishino, uqikelelo lwemarike, kunye nezicwangciso zazo zobuchule.

Uqikelelo olufanelekileyo lweemfuno zokwandiswa kwexesha elizayo lufuna uhlalutyo olupheleleyo. Okokuqala, cinga ngezicwangciso zokwandiswa kwemigca yemveliso; ukuqaliswa kweemveliso ezintsha okanye iimarike ezintsha kunokukhokelela kwiimfuno ezinkulu zokugcina. Kwangaxeshanye, vavanya utshintsho kumaqabane onxibelelwano lokubonelela, njengokongeza ababoneleli abatsha okanye abathengi, okunokutshintsha uxinzelelo lweendawo zokugcina impahla. Okwesibini, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuzisebenzela ngokuzenzekelayo kufuneka kufakwe kwisicwangciso sexesha elizayo. Ngelixa iinkqubo zokugcina impahla ezenzekelayo zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kwangaphambili, zinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina nokubuyisa izinto kwaye zinciphise iindleko zomsebenzi ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngaphezu koko, amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele iimeko ezigqithisileyo, ezinje ngokunyuka ngequbuliso kwee-odolo okanye ukuguquguquka kwemfuno yexesha elithile, kwaye ayile uyilo lweendawo zokugcina impahla eziguquguqukayo. Oku kuthetha ukugcina indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nokuphucula indawo ekukhetheni indawo, ubungakanani beendawo zokugcina impahla, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuthe tye kwimfuno yexesha elizayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqikelela imfuno kufuneka kudityaniswe nocwangciso lwezemali ukuqinisekisa utyalo-mali olufanelekileyo ngexesha lokwandiswa kunye nokuphepha ukwanda okungabonakaliyo okanye inkcitho yezixhobo.

Ukuvavanya inqanaba lobuchwepheshe beendawo zokugcina impahla kunye noomatshini abazisebenzelayo

Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji luqhubela phambili uphuhliso lweshishini lokugcina impahla, kunye nokwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokuzisebenzela kuba ngundoqo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphambi kokukhetha isisombululo sokugcina impahla, iinkampani kufuneka zihlalutye ngokupheleleyo isiseko sazo setekhnoloji kunye nendlela yokuphucula ubuchwepheshe kwixesha elizayo. Iinkqubo zokugcina impahla ezizenzekelayo, ezifana neenkqubo zolawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla (ii-WMS), izithuthi ezikhokelwayo ngokuzenzekelayo (ii-AGV), kunye nokukhetha iirobhothi, azinakunciphisa kuphela ixesha lokucubungula kodwa zinciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kwaye ziphucule ukuchaneka kwempahla.

Nangona kunjalo, ukutyala imali kwizixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kuza neendleko eziphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kobugcisa okunzima. Amashishini amancinci naphakathi (ii-SME) anokufumana ukuphuculwa okukhulu kwe-automation kunzima ukukuhlawula, kwaye afanelekile ngakumbi ukwazisa kancinci kancinci iinkqubo ezikrelekrele. Umzekelo, isoftware ye-WMS inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokulandelela kunye nokulawula izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo; ukuskena ibhakhodi kunye netekhnoloji ye-RFID kunokuphucula ukuchaneka kokubalwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-cloud computing kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha enkulu ziyasetyenziswa ngakumbi kulawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla, zinceda amashishini ukuba afezekise ukujonga ngexesha langempela, aqikelele imfuno yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye aphucule uyilo lwesitoreji.

Xa uvavanya usetyenziso lwetekhnoloji, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubungakanani bokusebenza kwenkampani, ubunzima beshishini, kunye nokukhula kwexesha elizayo. Ukwamkela isisombululo setekhnoloji esinokwandiswa, esisetyenziswa kwiimodyuli kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokugcina impahla inokuphuculwa ngokutyibilikayo njengoko ishishini likhula kwaye lifuna utshintsho. Kuphephe ukulandela izixhobo eziphucukileyo ngokungaboniyo; endaweni yoko, phuhlisa isicwangciso sokuphucula itekhnoloji esizinzileyo esisekelwe kwiimfuno zokwenyani zeshishini. Kwangaxeshanye, nikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuqeqesho lobugcisa kunye nenkxaso yolondolozo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ixesha elide.

Uhlalutyo lweendleko kunye novavanyo lwe-ROI

Utyalo-mali lwezemali lusoloko luyinto ebalulekileyo xa kukhethwa izisombululo zeendawo zokugcina impahla. Amashishini kufuneka asebenzise kakuhle iindleko kwizisombululo zawo zeendawo zokugcina impahla kwaye aphephe inkcitho engafanelekanga ekhokelela ekuchithekeni kwezixhobo. Uhlalutyo lweendleko kufuneka lugubungele ezi zinto zilandelayo: iindleko zokuqeshisa okanye zokwakha, iindleko zokuthenga izixhobo, iindleko zabasebenzi, iindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, kunye neendleko zamandla. Kwangaxeshanye, ukonga okunokwenzeka kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kufuneka kulinganiswe ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lwesayensi lwe-ROI (imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali).

Xa kusenziwa uhlalutyo lweendleko, inyathelo lokuqala kukucacisa iindleko zizonke kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwezisombululo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, indawo yokugcina impahla ephakathi inokuba neendleko zomhlaba nezokwakha eziphantsi, kodwa iindleko zothutho zinokunyuka ngenxa yemigama yokuhamba; ngokuchaseneyo, indawo yokugcina impahla esasazekileyo ifuna ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko zokugcinwa kunye nolawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla ezininzi. Okwesibini, ixesha lokuhlawula iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo kufuneka liqwalaselwe, kujongwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle okubangelwayo kunokunciphisa iindleko ngokukhawuleza.

Uvavanyo lwe-ROI ludlula imbuyekezo yemali yexesha elifutshane; kubalulekile ukugxila kwixabiso lexesha elide. Isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokugcina impahla kufuneka sixhase ukukhula kweshishini rhoqo, sinciphise ilahleko kwimpahla, kwaye siphucule ukuphendula, ngaloo ndlela siphucula ulwaneliseko lwabathengi kunye nokukhuphisana kwimarike. Amashishini kufuneka asebenzise iimodeli zemali ukulinganisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye afumane ibhalansi efanelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka aqwalasele ngokupheleleyo izalathisi ezingezizo ezemali ezifana nokuqina kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokukwazi ukulawula umngcipheko ukuze enze izigqibo ezipheleleyo.

Isishwankathelo

Ukukhetha isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokugcina impahla asikokuthenga nje izixhobo okanye ukwandiswa kwendawo; kusekelwe ekuqondeni ngokubanzi iimfuno ezinzulu zenkampani. Ukungahoyi iimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yeshishini, amandla okukhula kwixesha elizayo, amathuba okuphucula ubuchwepheshe, kunye nohlalutyo olubanzi lweendleko kunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezinkulu kwimisebenzi elandelayo. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lweemfuno lunceda iinkampani ukuba zakhe iinkqubo zokugcina impahla eziguquguqukayo, eziphucukileyo, nezinoqoqosho, zifezekise ukwenziwa ngcono kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokukhula kweshishini okuzinzileyo. Ekugqibeleni, icebo elifanelekileyo lokugcina impahla liya kuba yintsika ephambili yokukhuphisana kwenkampani.