Ubwino ndi Zofooka za Kukonza Malo Opapatiza

M'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zodzaza ndi anthu komanso malo ogawa zinthu, kapangidwe kake kakhoza kupanga kapena kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ndalama, ndi chitetezo. Ngati mukuyang'ana njira zosungiramo zinthu kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa zinthu popanda kukulitsa malo omanga nyumba, kumvetsetsa zotsatira zenizeni za njira zolimba ndikofunikira. Kukambirana kotsatiraku kukufotokoza ubwino ndi kusiyana kofunikira komwe kumabwera chifukwa chokhazikitsa njirazi zochulukirachulukira, kuthandiza oyang'anira ntchito, okonza zinthu, ndi eni malo kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino ntchito.

Kaya mukuganiza zokonzanso kapena kukonzekera kapangidwe kake, nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, kuganizira za zida, komanso momwe ndalama zimakhudzira. Werengani kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe kufalikira kwa njira yochepetsera zinthu kumakhudzira kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu, magwiridwe antchito osankhidwa, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa, komanso kusinthasintha kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kukulitsa Malo Osungira ndi Kuchuluka kwa Malo Osungirako

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe ntchito zimaganizira kuti malo osungiramo zinthu azikhala ochepa ndichakuti akuwonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu mkati mwa nyumba yomwe ilipo. Mwa kuchepetsa kukula kwa malo osungiramo zinthu, mizere yolumikizira zinthu imatha kuyikidwa pafupi, zomwe zimasandutsa mwachindunji malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale kukhala malo ogwiritsira ntchito mapaleti kapena malo osungiramo zinthu. Kuchuluka kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri m'malo omwe ali ndi malo otsekedwa, omwe amakumana ndi ndalama zambiri zogulira nyumba, kapena omwe amafunikira kukulitsa nyengo popanda kukulitsa nyumba mochuluka. Lingaliro lofunikira ndi losavuta: malo oyendamo osapindulitsa kapena oyendamo ochepa pa unit ya katundu wosungidwa amabweretsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sikweya mita imodzi ya nyumba.

Koma phindu la kuchuluka kwa katundu liyenera kulinganizidwa ndi zinthu zothandiza. Si mitundu yonse ya zinthu kapena njira zosungiramo katundu zomwe zimapindula mofanana ndi mapangidwe olimba. Ma SKU okwera mtengo omwe amafunika kulowa pafupipafupi amatha kuvutika ngati njira zoyendera zikukhala zovuta kapena ngati zida zapadera zogwirira ntchito zimabweretsa malire a liwiro. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zinthu zoyenda pang'onopang'ono, zosungiramo katundu, kapena zambiri zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zolimba chifukwa zimakhalabe m'malo osungiramo katundu popanda kusamalira zinthu nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake makampani ayenera kugawa zinthu motsatira liwiro ndi cholinga, kuyika zinthu zosungiramo katundu m'malo olemera kwambiri pamene akusunga zinthu zobwezeretsanso ndi zoyenda mwachangu m'malo osavuta kufikako.

Chinthu china ndi ubale pakati pa m'lifupi mwa njira ndi kutalika kwa malo oimikapo. Njira zopapatiza nthawi zambiri zimayenderana ndi njira zazitali, zomwe zingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa anthu m'njira yolunjika. Komabe, kukwera kwa kutalika kumabweretsa zofunikira zake zaukadaulo ndi chitetezo, monga kulimbitsa bwino chivomerezi, kuyika bwino ma pallet rack, komanso kuganizira mosamala za kugawa katundu. Mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka pansi imakhalanso yocheperako; katundu wokhuthala wochokera m'malo omangika bwino a pallet amatha kupitirira magawo a kapangidwe ka slab, makamaka pamene katundu wolemera akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kufunsa mainjiniya a zomangamanga kumayambiriro kwa ndondomeko yokonzekera kumathandiza kupewa kukonzanso ndalama zambiri kapena kukonza kosagwira bwino ntchito.

Pomaliza, mapulogalamu okonza mapangidwe ndi zida zoyeserera za 3D zimatha kuyeza kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu pamene zikuwonetsa momwe zinthu zimakhudzira kuyenda kwa zinthu. Zida zimenezi zimathandiza okonza mapulani kuyendetsa zochitika zomwe zimayesa momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi nthawi yoyenda, kusankha ergonomics, ndi momwe zipangizo zimagwirira ntchito. Pomaliza, kukulitsa malo osungira sikungokhudza kukanikiza ma racks ambiri m'chipinda: koma ndi kulinganiza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungiramo ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu, kusankha zida, ndi zolinga zogwirira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti phindu lomwe likupezeka mu mphamvu limasanduka phindu loyezeka m'malo mochita zinthu molakwika.

Zida Zapadera ndi Kusintha kwa Ntchito

Makonzedwe olimba a njira nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusiyana ndi zida zachikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito. Ma forklift wamba olimbana ndi njira ndi magalimoto amagetsi oyenda patali sangagwirenso ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto apadera oyenda patali kapena ngakhale njira zodziyimira zokha. Ma Walkie stacker okhala ndi ma articulated masts, magalimoto a turret oyenda patali kwambiri (VNA), ndi ma stacker oyendetsedwa ndi njanji ndi zina mwa njira zomwe zimalola kuti ntchito ziyende m'lifupi mwa njira yocheperako pamene zikugwiritsabe ntchito ma racking okwera kwambiri. Mtundu uliwonse wa zida umabwera ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a magwiridwe antchito, zofunikira pakukonza, komanso zofunikira pakuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Magalimoto apadera omwe amagwira ntchito m'misewu yopapatiza nthawi zambiri amadalira chiwongolero cholondola, makina owongolera a gyro kapena laser, komanso zida zamagetsi zapamwamba zowongolera. Zinthu izi zimathandizira chitetezo ndi kulondola, komanso zimawonjezera ndalama zogulira pasadakhale ndipo zitha kuyambitsa njira zovuta zokonzera. Kupezeka kwa zida, mapangano a ntchito, ndi maphunziro aukadaulo zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pogula. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zapadera zimaletsa kuyenda kwa mbali ndipo zimafuna njira zolumikizirana zomwe zimasintha momwe ma pallet amayendetsedwera ndikusamutsira, zomwe zimatha kufalikira kudzera mu ntchito yosungiramo katundu.

Pantchito, kukhazikitsa njira zopapatiza nthawi zambiri kumafuna kusintha machitidwe a magalimoto ndi mfundo zosungiramo katundu. Kusankha njira, kuyika malo oimika magalimoto, ndi kubwezeretsanso katundu kuyenera kukonzedwanso kuti kugwirizane ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana zoyendera komanso liwiro la magalimoto akuluakulu. Njira zoyika malo zitha kusintha kuti zichepetse kufunikira kosuntha galimoto yapadera pafupipafupi m'malo odzaza katundu—kuyika katundu woyenda mwachangu m'malo osavuta kufikako kapena kupanga malo osakanikirana kuti agwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Kugawa kwa ogwira ntchito kungasinthenso; mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito magulu a anthu awiri—woyendetsa galimoto m'modzi ndi wina pa rack—kungathandize kusintha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'malo ena otola katundu koma kumafuna njira zogwirizana komanso njira zotetezera.

Maphunziro ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala aluso osati kokha ndi makhalidwe atsopano oyendetsera magalimoto komanso malamulo okhudza malo omwe amalamulira kuyenda, kuyika katundu, ndi njira zadzidzidzi. Masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi amathandiza kuchepetsa nthawi yophunzirira, koma amawonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito. Njira zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zalembedwa, maphunziro obwerezabwereza, ndi kuwunika magwiridwe antchito ziyenera kutsagana ndi kuyambitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.

Pomaliza, kugwirizana ndi machitidwe omwe alipo kale—ma conveyor interfaces, automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS), ndi mapulogalamu oyang'anira malo osungiramo katundu—kuyenera kuyesedwa. Kuphatikiza kungafunike kusintha kwa mapulogalamu, monga kuwerengera nthawi yoyendera, zoyambitsa kubwezeretsanso, ndi ma algorithms osankha njira. Kukonzekera kogwirizana pakati pa ntchito zosungiramo katundu, IT, ndi magulu okonza ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kusokonezeka ndikukwaniritsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe zida zapadera zimalonjeza.

Zinthu Zofunika Kuganizira Pachitetezo ndi Kutsatira Malamulo

Pamene m'lifupi mwa njira zoyendera magalimoto zachepa ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo katundu kukuwonjezeka, chitetezo chimakhala nkhani yaikulu. Kuthekera ndi kuopsa kwa ngozi kungakwere ngati njira zowongolera ndi zotetezera mapangidwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira zocheperako zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito zoyandikira, komwe ma forklift, antchito, ndi makina oyendetsera magalimoto ali pafupi. Malo amenewa amafuna kuwunika koopsa kwambiri, zowonjezera zotetezera monga zotchingira mzati ndi zotchinga, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimachepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa oyenda pansi ndi magalimoto.

Zowongolera zaukadaulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala mzere woyamba wa chitetezo. Izi zimaphatikizapo matabwa olimba a raki, chitetezo cha mizere ya raki, ndi zotchinga zakuthupi kuti zisagwere magalimoto oyenda. M'mizere yopapatiza kwambiri, njira zowongolera njanji kapena malangizo okweza okha amatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa mbali ndi mwayi wogundana. Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira m'malo onse kuti zitsimikizire kuti nkhope zonyamula katundu ndi m'mphepete mwa mizere zikuwonekera bwino, ndipo mizere yowunikira kapena zizindikiro za pansi zingathandize kufotokozera njira zoyendera, ngakhale kuti m'lifupi mwa mizere yokhayo ndi yochepa.

Kuwongolera kwa oyang'anira kumathandizira njira zaukadaulo. Ndondomeko zomveka bwino zokhudza kuyenda kwa magalimoto, malire a liwiro la magalimoto, ndi malamulo olowera anthu oyenda pansi m'malo odzaza ndi anthu ambiri zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi. Mapulogalamu ophunzitsira omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakudziwa momwe zinthu zilili, kuteteza katundu, ndi ma angles oyenera kuti galimoto igwire bwino ntchito zimathandizira kuti woyendetsa azitha kugwira ntchito bwino. Njira zadzidzidzi ziyeneranso kusinthidwa; mwachitsanzo, njira zotulutsira anthu ziyenera kukhala zopanda chopinga ngakhale kuti pali malo ochulukirapo, ndipo malo operekera chithandizo choyamba kapena malo oimika magalimoto mwadzidzidzi ayenera kupezeka mosavuta.

Kutsatira malamulo ndi gawo lina lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe. Malamulo omanga nyumba, malamulo oteteza moto, ndi miyezo ya chitetezo kuntchito nthawi zambiri imatchula m'lifupi mwa njira zolowera, zofunikira zotuluka, ndi kutalika kovomerezeka kosungiramo zinthu zina. Machitidwe oletsa moto monga ma sprinkler angafunike malo enaake otseguka; ma racking okhuthala kwambiri amatha kupanga chophimba chotchinga cha sprinkler chomwe chimafuna kukweza makina kapena njira zina zochepetsera. Makampani ogulitsa inshuwaransi amatha kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yawoyawo, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa kuwunika ndi zigawo zokwera zomwe zikuwonetsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha njira zosungiramo zokhuthala.

Pomaliza, kuwunika kapangidwe kake ndikofunikira. Kulemera kwa ma pallet racks, kukwanira kwa zingwe zolumikizira, ndi kugawa katundu pansi kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kuwunika kwa uinjiniya. Kuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi ndi mapulogalamu okonza kumasunga umphumphu wa dongosololi ndikuthandizira kuzindikira mavuto monga kusokonekera kwa matabwa, kuwonongeka koyima, kapena zomangira zomasuka zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kwakukulu. Chikhalidwe cha chitetezo, chozikidwa pa kapangidwe, maphunziro, ndi kuyang'anira kosalekeza, chimatsimikizira kuti ubwino wogwirira ntchito wa malo osungira zinthu subwera chifukwa cha chitetezo kuntchito kapena kutsatira malamulo.

Zinthu Zokhudza Mtengo ndi Kubweza Ndalama

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungiramo zinthu zolemera nthawi zambiri kumafuna ndalama zambiri zomwe zimapitirira mtengo wa raki yokha. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zinthu zingaphatikizepo kugula zida zapadera, makina okonzera zinthu omwe amapangidwa kuti azinyamula katundu wambiri kapena kutalika kwambiri, pansi polimba, ndi ndalama zaukadaulo monga makina owongolera kapena zosintha za mapulogalamu owongolera nyumba. Ndalama zoyikira zimakhalanso zokwera pamene ma raki ayikidwa m'malo opapatiza chifukwa kuyika kolondola komanso kuyika zinthu mwamakonda kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Malipiro a inshuwaransi ndi kuchuluka kwa maulendo owunikira zitha kuwonjezera ndalama zobwerezabwereza ku bajeti yogwirira ntchito.

Komabe, ndalama zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pasadakhale komanso zomwe zikupitirira ziyenera kuyesedwa poyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zingasungidwe komanso zomwe zingawononge ndalama. Phindu lalikulu lazachuma ndi ndalama zomwe zingachedwetsedwe kapena kupewa kukulitsa zinthu—kaya kumanga malo atsopano kapena kubwereka malo ena osungiramo katundu. M'misika yotsika mtengo yogulitsa nyumba, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pa sikweya mita imodzi chifukwa chowonjezera zomwe zilipo kale zingakhale zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomveka ngati chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo katundu kungachepetse mtunda wogwirira ntchito ndikuphatikiza zinthu m'malo ochepa, zomwe zingachepetse ndalama zoyendera mkati.

Kuwerengera phindu la ndalama kuyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu zooneka ndi zosaoneka. Kusunga ndalama zooneka kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ngati antchito ochepa angathe kusamalira bwino zinthu zazikulu, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi kusamalira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maulendo. Kumbali yosaoneka, utumiki wabwino kwa makasitomala kudzera mu kupezeka kwa zinthu zambiri komanso nthawi yobwezeretsa zinthu mwachangu kungayambitse kukula kwa ndalama kapena kuchepetsa zilango zotsala. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukonza zinthu molimbika kungayambitse ndalama zobisika, monga kuchepetsa mitengo yogulira zinthu zina za SKU, ndalama zambiri zokonzera magalimoto apadera, komanso kusokonekera kwa ntchito panthawi yosintha.

Kuyesa zachuma komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula zochitika kumathandiza omwe akukhudzidwa kuti aganizire za kusinthaku. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula kwachangu pa liwiro la zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa, ndi kugawa kulemera kwa zinthu kungawulule mikhalidwe yomwe ndalamazo zimabwezera mwachangu poyerekeza ndi zochitika zomwe zingagwire bwino ntchito. Kubwereka kapena njira zobwereka zida zapadera—m'malo mogula zonse—kungachepetse zosowa zoyambirira za ndalama ndikupereka kusinthasintha kwa kukula pamene ntchito zikusintha. Ogwira ntchito ena amasankha njira yocheperako, kusintha gawo la malo kukhala kapangidwe kokulirapo kuti atsimikizire malingaliro asanagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.

Pomaliza, mtengo wa moyo wonse ndi wofunikira. Makina oyendetsera magalimoto ndi magalimoto apadera amatsika mtengo pakapita nthawi ndipo amakhala ndi ma profiles osiyanasiyana okonza. Kupanga bajeti yokonzanso, kusintha mapulogalamu, ndikusintha kuyenera kukhala gawo la kuwerengera ndalama. Pamene mitundu ya ROI ikuphatikiza ndalama zonse zofunikira ndi maubwino omwe akuyembekezeka, opanga zisankho amatha kudziwa molimba mtima ngati kapangidwe kolimba kakugwirizana ndi zolinga zawo zankhondo komanso kulolera zoopsa.

Kusankha Bwino ndi Kuyang'anira Zinthu

Zotsatira za kukhazikika kwa njira zoyendetsera zinthu pakugwira bwino ntchito yosankha zinthu komanso kuwongolera katundu zitha kukhala zazikulu komanso nthawi zina zotsutsana. Kumbali imodzi, mtunda wocheperako pakati pa malo osungiramo zinthu odzaza ndi anthu ambiri ungachepetse nthawi yoyendera pa kusankha kulikonse, makamaka ngati pali njira zabwino zosonkhanitsira zinthu ndi njira zokonzera zinthu. Kumbali ina, kufunikira kwa zida zapadera zoyendetsera zinthu ndi malo ochepa oyendetsera zinthu kungachedwetse nthawi yeniyeni yosonkhanitsira zinthu, makamaka pamene anthu osankha zinthu ayenera kulumikizana ndi magalimoto akuluakulu kapena pamene anthu osankha zinthu ambiri akupikisana kuti alowe mu njira imodzi.

Kupanga zinthu kuti zigwire bwino ntchito kumafuna njira yogwirizana. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito malo otsetsereka ikukhala yofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse; kuyika zinthu zothamanga kwambiri m'malo opezeka mosavuta ndikugawa zoyenda pang'onopang'ono m'malo otsetsereka kwambiri kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe zida zapadera ziyenera kugwirira ntchito m'malo otsetsereka kwambiri. Kusankha magulu, kusankha malo, ndi makina onyamula ndi kupititsa zinthu zitha kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kokhuthala kuti zichepetse kusokonezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga malo otengera zinthu okhala ndi mipata yayikulu ya oyenda mwachangu pomwe kuyika njira za VNA kuti zisungidwe kumathandiza kusunga liwiro la kutola popanda kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri.

Ukadaulo umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza magwiridwe antchito otolera zinthu m'malo ochepa. Machitidwe oyang'anira malo osungiramo zinthu amatha kukonzedwa kuti apange njira zotolera zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kusinthana pakati pa mitundu ya zida kapena kukonza nthawi yobwezeretsanso zinthu kuti zipewe nthawi yotolera zinthu mochedwa. Kutola zinthu motsogozedwa ndi mawu, makina otolera zinthu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito powunikira, ndi ma scanner ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja kumawongolera kulondola ndikuchepetsa nthawi yokhala pamalo osungiramo zinthu. M'malo ena, makina otolera zinthu opangidwa ndi makina okhaokha kapena odziyimira pawokha, kuphatikiza zotolera zinthu zazing'ono kapena zotengera zinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi shuttle, amatha kuphatikizidwa mu malo osungira zinthu olemera kuti aphatikize kuchulukana kwakukulu ndi kukwaniritsa dongosolo mwachangu komanso molondola.

Zinthu za anthu siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Ma ergonomics a otola omwe amagwira ntchito mozungulira malo ataliatali m'mizere yopapatiza ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti asunge zokolola ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala. Kutalika koyenera kwa katundu, kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe ndi mipando, ndi kuwongolera mtunda wofikira ndi kukweza zinthu kumathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yopezera antchito ingasinthe kukhala maudindo apadera - monga ogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera m'malo okhuthala ndi otola osiyana a ma SKU oyenda mwachangu - omwe amafuna maphunziro osiyanasiyana komanso nthawi yosinthasintha.

Pomaliza, kulondola kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo ndi kuwoneka bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri m'malo okhala anthu ambiri. Ma pallet olakwika kapena zolemba zosalondola zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa kwambiri ngati anthu ambiri sangakwanitse kuzipeza. Kuwerengera nthawi zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito RFID kapena kusanthula ma barcode nthawi iliyonse yotumizira, komanso njira zolipirira zolowera mkati zimathandiza kusunga kulondola ndikuchepetsa nthawi yofufuzira ndikupeza zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu. Posankha magwiridwe antchito ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo zikugwirizana ndi malo omwe ali, mapangidwe okhuthala amatha kupereka kusintha kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito; popanda kulinganiza kumeneko, ntchito zitha kuwononga phindu lomwe akufuna.

Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimba zolumikizirana kumapereka ubwino wofunikira pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu, kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira malo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo oyima. Ubwino uwu umaonekera kwambiri pamene katundu wagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi liwiro komanso pamene zisankho za kapangidwe kake zimathandizidwa ndi uinjiniya wabwino, maphunziro, ndi kuphatikizana kwa makina. Kukonzekera mosamala kumaonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa katundu sikubweretsa ngozi kapena zopinga zogwirira ntchito.

Pomaliza, chisankho chokhazikitsa njira yosungiramo zinthu zambiri chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pakuwunika konse komwe kumaphatikizapo zosowa za zida, zofunikira pa chitetezo ndi malamulo, mtengo wonse wa umwini, ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe kumafunika kuti ntchito yosankha zinthu ipitirire komanso kulondola kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo. Ndi kapangidwe koyenera, maphunziro, ndi ndalama muukadaulo woyenera, mabungwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makonzedwe awa kuti akwaniritse zovuta za kuthekera popanda kuwononga kuchuluka kwa ntchito kapena chitetezo kuntchito.