Ngā Otinga Whatanga Ahumahi: Te Urutau ki ngā Hiahia Pakihi e Hurihuri Ana

Kua noho te rokiroki ahumahi me te whakahaere rauemi hei wāhanga nui o ngā pakihi hou, ā, kei te tipu haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā otinga maha-whakamahinga, whai hua, me te tauine-rahi. I te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi, me whakarerekē e ngā whakahaere ā rātou hanganga kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia whakahaere e huri haere ana, ngā rahinga taonga e rerekē haere ana, me te piki haere o ngā paerewa haumaru. Ko ngā otinga whatanga ahumahi he urupare nui ki ēnei wero, e āhei ai ngā kamupene ki te arotau i te whakamahinga o te wāhi, te whakarei ake i te hua, me te pupuri i te painga whakataetae. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te whenua hihiri o ngā pūnaha whatanga me pēhea te whakarite kia rite ki ngā hiahia e huri haere ana o ngā taiao pakihi kanorau.

Ahakoa te whakahaere i tētahi whare putunga e tipu haere ana, i tētahi pokapū tohatoha matatini rānei, ka anga atu ngā kaiwhakatau ki te mahi uaua o te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga whatanga e kore e tutuki noa i ā rātou hiahia o nāianei engari e tautoko ana hoki i te tipu me ngā whanaketanga hangarau ā muri ake nei. Ka rukuhia e ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei ngā āhuatanga maha e awe ana i te whanaketanga o ngā whatanga ahumahi, ā, ka whakaatu i te āwhina a te hoahoa whakaaro nui me te auahatanga i ngā pakihi kia noho tere me te whai hua i roto i tētahi mākete tere haere.

Te Mārama ki te Hiranga o te Ngāwari i roto i te Whakatakotoranga Ahumahi

I roto i te taiao ahumahi o ēnei rā, kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te ariā o te ngāwari o ngā pūnaha rokiroki. Kei te pāngia tonu ngā pakihi e ngā panonitanga o ngā momo taonga, ngā kiato rokiroki, me ngā rerenga mahi, e peia ana e ngā au o te mākete, ngā tono a te kiritaki, ngā nekehanga mekameka tuku rānei. Nō reira, me urutau ngā otinga whatanga ahumahi kia whanake tahi me ēnei hiahia hurihuri, kaua e whakatakoto i ngā here pakari ka ārai i te whai huatanga, ka piki ake rānei ngā utu whakahaere.

Kua hangaia ngā pūnaha whatanga ngāwari kia noho pūmau, kia ngāwari ai te whirihoranga anō, te whakawhānui, te whakaiti rānei i te rahi, me te kore e hiahiatia he whakahoutanga utu nui, he wā whakamutu rānei. He mea tino nui tēnei urutau mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hokohoko, te hanga, me te whakahaere taonga, ka taea te huri tere i ngā raina hua, te rahi o te takai, me te nui o ngā ota. Hei tauira, mā te whatanga papa ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā teitei kurupae me ngā whirihoranga whatanga hei penapena i te tini o ngā hua, i te mea ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha whatanga pūkoro te kōwhiringa ki te whakakotahi i te rokiroki me te whakawātea i te wāhi papa nui ina kore e whakamahia.

Heoi anō, mā te āheinga ki te whakarite i ngā otinga whatanga ka tautoko i ngā tukanga whakahaere mā te whakauru i ngā taputapu whakahaere rerekē me te whakahaere i te rere o ngā rauemi kia maeneene ake. Ina whakarite anō te whare putunga i ana taonga, ina whakaurua rānei ngā hangarau aunoa pēnei i te kohikohinga karetao, ka whakaitihia te ngāwari o te pūnaha whatanga mā te tuku i ngā whakarerekētanga tere me te māmā. Hei whakamutunga, mā te awhi i ngā whatanga ngāwari ka āwhina i ngā pakihi ki te whakapai ake i ō rātou wāhi, te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi, me te urupare wawe ki ngā huringa o te mākete—he painga nui i roto i te taiao whakataetae o ēnei rā.

Te Whakauru i te Haumaru me te Whakatutukitanga i roto i ngā Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Hou

I te whānui haere o ngā whare ahumahi, me te whakahaere i te pikinga o te hua, ka nui haere te hiranga o te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture i roto i ngā otinga rokiroki. Ehara i te mea me whakanui noa te whai huatanga o te rokiroki i ngā whatanga ahumahi, engari me tiaki hoki ngā kaimahi, ngā taputapu, me ngā taonga mai i ngā aituā, ngā kino, me ngā herenga ture. Nō reira, ko te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga haumaru me te piri ki ngā paerewa ahumahi he mea nui ki tētahi tāutanga whatanga.

Kei roto i ngā otinga whatanga hou ngā momo tikanga haumaru pērā i te tautoko rū whenua, ngā parenga taha, me ngā ārai pānga e whakarato ana i te pumau o te hanganga me te ārai i ngā tukinga i puta mai i ngā forklift me ētahi atu mīhini. He mea tino nui ēnei āhuatanga i ngā rohe e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te rū whenua, ka taea e te whatanga haumaru te ārai i ngā pakaru kino me te tiaki i ngā oranga. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā kaiwhakarato whatanga e whakarato ana i ngā whakatauranga kawenga taipitopito me ngā aratohu hei whakarite kia kore ngā kaiwhakamahi e neke atu i te kaha taumaha kua tūtohutia, kia kore ai e raru te hanganga.

He mea nui anō hoki te whai i ngā paerewa pērā i ngā mea i whakatūria e te Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) me te Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI). Ka whakahaere ēnei paerewa i ngā mahi hoahoa, i ngā tukanga tāutanga, me ngā mahi tirotiro hei whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga. Ko ngā whare e pupuri ana i te piripono, ehara i te mea ka tiaki noa i ā rātou kaimahi engari ka whakaiti hoki i ngā utu inihua me ngā mōrearea nama.

Mā te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi kia mārama ki te whakamahinga tika o ngā whata, me te whakatenatena i ngā tirotiro auau, ka whakapakari ake i ngā tikanga haumaru. Ina whakauruhia ngā whakaaro haumaru mai i te wāhanga hoahoa tae noa ki ngā mahi o ia rā, ka noho hei rawa pono ngā otinga whata ahumahi hei tautoko i te pumau o te pakihi mō te wā roa me te oranga o te hunga mahi.

Te Whakamahi i te Hangarau hei Whakapai ake i te Whai Hua o te Whakatakotoranga

Nā te aranga ake o te Ahumahi 4.0 me ngā hangarau aunoatanga kua tino hurihia ngā rautaki rokiroki ahumahi. Mā te whakauru i ngā whanaketanga hangarau ki roto i ngā otinga whatanga ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te rokiroki me te tika o te mahi, ka taea ai e ngā pakihi te whakatutuki i ngā tono kua piki ake mō te tere, te tika, me te kitea o ngā taonga.

Mā te aunoatanga, pērā i ngā pūnaha rokiroki me te tiki aunoa (AS/RS), ka whakauruhia ngā wāhanga miihini ka taea te whakatere i ngā whakatakotoranga whatanga uaua ki te tiki, ki te penapena rānei i ngā hua me te iti o te wawaotanga a te tangata. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hangarau ngā utu mahi me ngā hapa, me te whakanui ake i te nui o te mahi, he mea tino pai mō ngā pokapū tohatoha nui me ngā whare hanga. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakauru i ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT) ki roto i te hanganga whatanga ka taea te aroturuki i ngā taumata taonga, ngā āhuatanga kawenga, me te hauora hanganga i te wā tūturu.

Ka taea hoki te whakauru i ngā pūnaha whakahaere whare putunga (WMS) ki ngā hangarau whatanga hei arotau i ngā rautaki whakanoho taonga, hei whakarato i ngā māramatanga e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga ki te whakatakotoranga hua i runga i ngā tauira tono me ngā reiti hurihanga. Ka tautokohia e tēnei whakaurunga te whakahaere rauemi atamai ake, te whakaiti i ngā wā haere me te whakapai ake i te tika o te whakatutukitanga o ngā ota.

Haunga te whakarei ake i te hua, ka tāpirihia hoki e te hangarau tētahi paparanga o te tiaki matapae. Mā te tātari i ngā raraunga mai i ngā wāhanga whatanga atamai, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tautuhi i ngā ngoikoretanga pea, i ngā take taumaha rānei i mua i te mutunga o te rahunga, ka ārai i te wā kore utu nui, me te whakarite kia tutuki tonu ngā whakaritenga haumaru.

Nō reira, he rautaki te awhi i te auahatanga hangarau ki ngā otinga whatanga e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga whakahaere o ēnei rā, e whakatairanga ana i ngā taiao rokiroki atamai ake, haumaru ake, me te aro nui ake.

Te Arotau i te Whakamahinga Wāhi me ngā Whirihoranga Rerekē o te Whatanga

Ko te arotau i te wāhi tetahi o ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te whakahaere whare ahumahi. Mā te whiriwhiri me te whirihoranga tika o ngā otinga whatanga ka taea te whakanui ake i te rahinga o ngā taonga, ka taea ai e ngā pakihi te penapena i ngā taonga maha atu i roto i te wāhi kotahi, me te whakaroa i te whakawhānui i ngā whare utu nui.

He whānuitanga o ngā momo whatanga kua hangaia hei whakatutuki i ngā herenga wāhi me ngā āhuatanga hua. He otinga whānui te whatanga papa e tuku ana i te rokiroki wātea me ngā wāhanga whakarerekē, e tika ana mō ngā ahumahi maha. I tētahi atu taha, mā ngā whatanga taraiwa-roto me ngā whatanga taraiwa-roto ka taea te rokiroki kiato ake mā te tuku i ngā forklifts ki te tomo hohonu ki roto i te hanganga whatanga, he mea pai mō te penapena i ngā puranga nui o ngā hua ōrite.

Mā ngā whata whakarara ka tuwhera te mata o mua mō te penapena i ngā taonga roa, nunui hoki pērā i ngā paipa, ngā rakau, me ngā pae rino, ka pai ake te wāhi poutū e kore e whakamahia. Mā ngā whata pana-muri me ngā whata rere kātene ka taea te penapena hihiri me te whakahaere rawa taonga tuatahi-ki-roto-tuatahi-ki-waho (FIFO), he mea nui tēnei mō ngā taonga pirau, ngā taonga tairongo rānei.

Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei tikanga whatanga rerekē ki roto i ngā whakatakotoranga kua whakaritea, ka taea e ngā whare putunga te waihanga i ngā wāhi maha-mahi hei whakatutuki i ngā momo hua me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere rerekē. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā otinga rokiroki poutū pēnei i ngā mezzanine me ngā whatanga kokoru teitei ka whakarei ake i te whakamahinga o te rahinga mā te whakamahi i te teitei o te tuanui.

Ko tētahi rautaki whai hua mō te whakapai ake i te wāhi he tātaritanga hōhonu o ngā kōtaha taonga, ngā reiti hurihanga, te hototahitanga o ngā taputapu whakahaere, me ngā whakaaetanga haumaru. Ina honoa ki te hoahoa tohunga me te whakahaere kaupapa, ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakatutuki i ngā whakapainga nui i roto i te kiato o te rokiroki me te rere o ngā mahi, ka whai wāhi ki te penapena utu whānui me te whakapai ake i te ratonga kiritaki.

Te Whakarerekē i ngā Otinga Whakatakotoranga mō ngā Mahi Tauwhiro me te Kakariki

Kei te piki haere te oranga tonutanga hei kaupapa matua mā ngā ahumahi o te ao katoa, ā, kāore te whakahaere whare putunga i te rerekē. He mahi nui tā ngā pūnaha whatanga ahumahi ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi atawhai taiao mā te whakahohe i te whakamahinga rauemi whai hua, te whakaiti i te para, me te tautoko i ngā tiwhikete whare matomato.

Ko tētahi āhuatanga o te whatanga tauwhiro ko te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi me ngā tukanga hangahanga e aro ana ki te taiao. He maha ngā kaihanga e tuku ana i ngā wāhanga whatanga i hangaia mai i te maitai hangarua, e whakaiti ana i te tapuwae waro e pā ana ki te tango me te tukatuka rauemi mata. Hei tāpiri, ka roa ake te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha whatanga pakari me te whakarerekē, ka whakaiti i te auau o te whakakapinga me te tuku para ki te whenua ururua.

Ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao mā te hoahoa rautaki o ngā whatanga taonga. Mā te arotau i te tahora mō te urunga mai o te mārama taiao me te hau, ka taea e ngā whare putunga te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pūnaha rama horihori me te whakahaere āhuarangi. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakauru i ngā otinga whatanga taonga e tautoko ana i te whakahaere aunoa i ngā taonga ka whakaiti i te nui o ngā taonga, ā, ka whakaiti i te para me te whakapaunga rauemi.

E hangai ana hoki te pumau o te rokiroki ki ngā whāinga whānui o te kawenga pāpori a te kamupene, ā, he maha ngā wā ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā kaupapa tiwhikete matomato pēnei i te LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). Ka whakaratohia e ēnei tiwhikete ngā painga mākete mā te whakaatu i te whakapau kaha ki te tiaki taiao.

Ehara i te mea he painga mō te ao anake te awhi i ngā otinga whatanga tauwhiro, engari he whai wāhi hoki ki te whakaiti i te utu me te rongonui o te waitohu, ka whakanoho i ngā kamupene hei kaiārahi i roto i ngā mahi pakihi haepapa.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he taputapu tino nui ngā otinga whatanga ahumahi hei āwhina i ngā pakihi ki te whakatere i ngā uauatanga o te whare putunga hou me te whakahaere rauemi. Ko te ngāwari te āhuatanga matua, e āhei ai ngā whakahaere ki te urutau tere ki ngā hiahia taonga me ngā mahi whakahaere e neke haere ana. Mā te whakatairanga i te haumaru ka whakarite kia tiakina e ngā hanganga whatanga ngā tāngata me ngā hua me te pupuri tonu i ngā paerewa ture. I taua wā, ka huakina e ngā whanaketanga hangarau ngā taumata hou o te whai huatanga me te whakahaere raraunga-arahi, hei tāpiri i te whānuitanga o ngā whirihoranga whatanga kua whakaritea mō te whakamahinga pai o te wāhi.

Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, mā te whakauru i te oranga tonutanga ki roto i ngā rautaki whatanga ka tautoko i ngā whāinga taiao, ā, ka whakatairanga hoki i te manawanui mahi mō te wā roa. I te whanaketanga tonu o ngā ahumahi, he mea nui te awhi i ngā otinga whatanga auaha me te urutau hei pupuri i te hua, hei whakaiti i ngā utu, me te whakatutuki i ngā tumanakohanga o tētahi mākete e huri haere tonu ana. Mā te āta whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā pakihi te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha rokiroki e kore e whakatutuki noa i ngā tono o nāianei engari e matapae ana hoki i ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga o āpōpō.