Te Whakamahi i te Waka ki roto, ki roto hoki i te Waka: Te Kōwhiri i te Pūnaha Tika mō tō Whare Putunga

I roto i te ao tere o te whare putunga me te whakahaere taonga, ka taea e te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha whatanga tika te pā nui ki te whai huatanga o te mahi, te kaha rokiroki, me te reremahi whānui. Ahakoa kei te whakahaere koe i tētahi pokapū tohatoha whānui, i tētahi whare rokiroki iti rānei, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē i waenga i ngā pūnaha whatanga rerekē. E rua ngā kōwhiringa rongonui e whakaarohia ana ko ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-mai me ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-mā roto. E oati ana ēnei e rua ki te whakapai ake i te wāhi me te whakahaere, engari ko tō rāua pai ka whakawhirinaki nui ki ngā hiahia motuhake o tō whare putunga me ngā āhuatanga o tō taonga.

Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ngā painga, me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto me te taraiwa-mā roto. Mā te mārama whānui ki ēnei kōwhiringa, ka taea e koe te whakatau whai whakaaro hei tautoko i ō whāinga pakihi, hei whakapai ake i te rokiroki, hei whakarei ake hoki i te hua. Pānuihia tonutia kia tūhuratia ai ko tēhea pūnaha whatanga e pai ana mō tō taiao whare putunga.

Te Mārama ki ngā Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Puku-ki-roto

Kua hangaia ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto hei whakanui ake i te kiato o te rokiroki mā te whakaiti i te maha o ngā ara e hiahiatia ana i roto i te whare putunga. Ko tēnei momo whatanga e whakamahia ana mō te rokiroki kiato nui o ngā hua ōrite, ina whakahaerea ngā taonga i runga i te kaupapa "whakamutunga-uru, tuatahi-puta" (LIFO). Ko te ariā taketake ko te "taraiwa ki roto" o ngā forklift ki te hanganga whatanga tonu hei whakatakotoranga, hei tiki rānei i ngā papa, e whakatakotoria ana ki runga i ngā reera i roto i te pūnaha. Ka toro atu ēnei reera mai i mua ki muri o te whatanga, e taea ai te penapena i ngā papa i roto i ngā hōhonutanga maha.

Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te whatanga taraiwa-roto ko tōna whakamahinga tino pai o te wāhi. Mā te whakakore i ngā ara maha me te whakarārangi i ngā papa ki roto, ka taea e ngā whare putunga te penapena i te nui o ngā taonga i roto i te tapuwae kotahi ki te whakataurite ki te whatanga whiriwhiri tuku iho. He tino painga tēnei i roto i ngā whare e iti ana te wāhi papa, ā, he puhoi, he matapae rānei te huringa taonga.

Heoi, nā te mea ka whakawhāitihia te urunga ki te papa o mua anake i ia ara e te whatanga taraiwa-ki-roto, me āta whakahaere i ngā taonga, ā, he pai rawa atu mō ngā hua kāore e hiahiatia kia whakahokia wawetia mai i roto i te raupapatanga tuatahi-ki-roto, tuatahi-ki-waho (FIFO). Ki te kore he āheinga FIFO, ka tūpono tēnei pūnaha ki te tawhito, ki te pirau rānei i ngā taonga i roto i ngā taiao e pā ana ki ngā taonga pirau, ki ngā taonga rānei e tere huri haere ana. Hei tāpiri, me tika me te pūkenga te whakahaere i ngā forklift i roto i te whatanga – mā te whakahaere hē ka pakaru pea te hanganga whatanga, ka puta he tūponotanga haumaru.

He mea nui anō hoki te tiaki me te pakari. Tērā pea me whakakaha ake ngā reera rakau, rino rānei hei tautoko i ngā papa, i runga i te taumaha me te nui o ngā papa e rongoatia ana. I te nuinga o te wā, he otinga atamai, he penapena wāhi te whatanga taraiwa-ki-roto mō ngā whakaritenga whare putunga motuhake, me te whakanui ake i te kiato o te rokiroki i te urunga wawe.

Te Tūhura i ngā Pūnaha Whakatakotoranga Taraiwa-ā-roto

He hononga tata te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto ki te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto engari he rerekē te nuinga i te huarahi urutau me te momo whakahaere taonga. Kāore i rite ki ngā whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto, he wāhi tomo me te wāhi puta ngā whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto i ngā taha e rua. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea te huri i ngā taonga tuatahi-ki-roto, tuatahi-ki-waho (FIFO), he mea tino pai mō ngā whare putunga e whakahaere ana i ngā taonga pirau, ngā rongoā, ngā taonga katoa rānei me wehe tuatahi ngā taonga tawhito.

Mā te mātāpono whakahaere o te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto ka taea e ngā forklift te tomo mai i tetahi taha, te whakanoho, te tango rānei i ngā papa i runga i ngā rēra e toro atu ana ki te taha kē, ā, ka puta atu i tērā pito. Mā tēnei urunga rua ka whakakorea ngā arai e pā ana ki te rokiroki LIFO nā te mea ka taea te tiki mai i ngā papa mai i te taha kē o te wāhi i rongoatia ai. Nō reira, ka taurite te rokiroki kiato nui me te rere o ngā taonga e wātea ana.

Ahakoa he nui ake te wāhi e hiahiatia ana i te whatanga taraiwa-roto nā te mea e hiahiatia ana ngā ara i ngā pito e rua, he nui tonu te penapena wāhi e tukuna ana e ngā pūnaha taraiwa-roto ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūnaha whatanga whiriwhiri. He tino whai hua ēnei i roto i ngā whare putunga he nui ngā taonga o te wā, ngā hua rānei me ngā rā paunga e hiahia ana kia hurihia tonutia.

Ko tētahi wero o te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto ko te uaua haere o te mahi. Nā te mea ka rere ngā papa i roto i te whakaritenga whakawhiti-ā-roto, he mea nui te whakahaere i te whakahaere kia kore ai e hē te mahi, pērā i te whakatakoto i ngā hua ki te taha hē o te whatanga, ka taea te whakararuraru i te rere o ngā taonga me te kaute. Heoi anō, me nui ake te tiaki pakari me te auau mō tēnei pūnaha nā te mea ka nui haere te pakaru o te waka kawe i ngā mata e rua o te whatanga.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka tū te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto ki waenganui i te kiato o te rokiroki me te urunga atu, ka hoatu he whai huatanga ki ngā whare putunga me te whakatairanga i ngā kawa FIFO me te kore e whakararu i te whakapai ake i te wāhi.

Te Whakataurite i te Kiato Rokiroki me te Whakamahinga Wāhi

Ko te matotoru o te rokiroki me te whakamahinga o te wāhi ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te whakatau i waenga i ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto me ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto. Mā te whatanga taraiwa-roto ka whakanuia te nui o te wāhi whare putunga mā te whakakore i ngā ara maha me te whakarārangi i ngā papa ki ngā hohonu maha, ka waiho hei tētahi o ngā pūnaha rokiroki tino matotoru e wātea ana. He mea tino whai hua tēnei ina he raina hua tūmau kei roto i ngā whare putunga, ina rānei he mea ka taea te matapae i te huringa o ngā taonga, ā, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā taonga kia rite ki tēnā.

Heoi, ko te whakakorenga o ngā ara whāiti ka whakawhāitihia te urunga, arā, ka aukatia e ngā papa o mua o ia kokoru te urunga ki roto rawa atu o ngā papa. Ahakoa he nui te wāhi rokiroki, ka whakawhāitihia te ngāwari o te mahi, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te raka o ngā taonga, inā koa ka iti te hurihanga o ngā hua, ka hiahiatia rānei he urunga motuhake.

He iti ake te rahi o ngā taonga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto nā te mea me whai ara i ngā pito e rua o te whatanga hei whakauru me te whakaputa i ngā forklift. Heoi anō, ka whakaitihia tēnei taupatupatu e te kaha ki te huri i ngā taonga me te whakahaere i ngā taonga FIFO. Mō ngā whare putunga e whakahaere ana i ngā taonga pirau, ngā taonga wā-poto rānei, nā te nui ake o te urunga atu ka nui ake te whai hua o ngā pūnaha taraiwa-ā-roto ahakoa he iti ake te rahi.

Me whai whakaaro hoki ki te whakatakotoranga ā-tinana o te whare putunga i te kōwhiringa i waenga i ēnei pūnaha e rua. Hei tauira, he pai te tuanui teitei mō ngā pūnaha taraiwa-ki-roto me ngā taumata papa maha, engari ko ngā tuanui iti ake ka whakawhāiti i te whai huatanga o te rokiroki poraka matotoru. Hei tāpiri, me whai ara haere mō ngā whata taraiwa-ki-roto i ngā pito e rua, ka pā tēnei ki te whakatakotoranga o te whare putunga me te hoahoa o ngā ara.

Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakatau i waenga i te taraiwa-ki-roto me te taraiwa-mā roto e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te wāhi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakataurite i te kiato o te rokiroki me te urunga mahi me ngā here o te wāhi.

Te Whakahaere Taonga me te Whai Huatanga Whakahaere

He rerekē rawa ngā āhuatanga uaua o te whakahaere taonga i waenga i te whatanga taraiwa-mai me te whatanga taraiwa-mā roto, ā, ka pā tēnei ki te pai o te whare putunga. He wero te āhua LIFO o te whatanga taraiwa-mai mō te whakahaere i te huringa hua me te tika o te taonga. Ko ngā taonga i rongoatia whakamutunga ka ārai i ngā papa i mua, ā, me tango tuatahi, ka uaua ake te whakahaere i ngā taonga me ngā huringa tono rerekē.

Hei whakaiti i tēnei uauatanga, he maha ngā wā ka rongoatia e ngā whare putunga e whakamahi ana i te whatanga taraiwa-roto ngā taonga kāore e pirau, ngā hua rānei me ngā tauira tono e taea te matapae, ina kore e hiahiatia he huringa auau mō ngā taonga e toe ana. He rerekē, ko ngā āhuatanga o te rarangi taonga hihiri ka arahi pea ki ngā nekehanga papa kore e hiahiatia, ka piki ake ngā utu mahi, ka tūpono hoki te kino ki ngā taonga me ngā whatanga mai i ngā nekehanga o te forklift.

Ka whakarei ake ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto i te whai huatanga o te mahi mā te tautoko i ngā mātāpono FIFO—he mea nui i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te kai, te inu, te matū rānei, ina taea e ngā taonga kua pau te wā te whakararu moni me ngā take haumaru. Mā ngā pūwāhi whakauru rua ka taea e ngā forklift te whakatakoto i ngā papa ki tetahi taha ka kohia mai i te pito kē, ka whakangawari ake i ngā mahi kohi me te whakakī anō. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei tukanga mahi te hiahia mō te whakakotahi i ngā taonga, ā, ka whakapai ake i te tika o ngā taonga.

Heoi, nā te uaua o ngā mahi, ka nui ake pea ngā kaimahi pūkenga e hiahiatia ana e ngā pūnaha taraiwa-ā-roto. Me āta whakarite ngā taraiwa forklift i ngā rerenga mai me ngā rerenga atu kia kore ai e arai i ngā aukati me ngā hapa. He mea nui te whakangungu me ngā tikanga whakahaere paerewa hei pupuri i te hua me te whakaiti i ngā kino.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e ngā pūnaha e rua te whakauru atu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere whare putunga hou (WMS), e āwhina ana ki te whai i ngā wāhi, ki te whakahaere i ngā raupapatanga kohi, me te arotau i te whakakī anō. Heoi anō, ko ngā here ā-tinana kei raro—ahakoa he LIFO, he FIFO rānei—kei te whai pānga tonu ki te whai huatanga o ia rā, ā, me hangai ki ngā rautaki mekameka tuku whānui a te pakihi.

Ngā Whakaaro mō te Utu me ngā Pānga ki te Haumaru

He rerekē rawa te haumitanga tuatahi me ngā utu tonu mō te tāuta me te tiaki i ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto me te taraiwa-mā roto, ā, ka pā ki te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere mō ngā mahi whare putunga. I te nuinga o te wā, he iti ake te utu tāutanga o ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto nā te mea he māmā ake te whakatakotoranga—he ara tomokanga anake kei te taha kotahi, ā, he iti ake ngā wāhanga hanganga hei whakahaere i te rokiroki papa.

Heoi anō, me āta tirotirohia ngā mōrearea whakahaere me ngā utu tiaki e pā ana ki te whatanga taraiwa-ki-roto. Me āta tirotiro ngā taraiwa forklift i roto i te whatanga, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te pakaru o te whatanga, ka nui ake te utu o ngā whakatikatika me te wā kore mahi. Me whakarite tahua mō ngā whakapakari me ngā tirotiro auau kia tutuki ai te ture haumaru, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao taumaha ka pā kino te pakaru o te hanganga.

I tetahi atu taha, ko te tikanga he nui ake ngā utu o mua mō te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto i te mea e hiahiatia ana he ara urunga ki ngā taha e rua, me ngā hoahoa whatanga uaua ake me tu atu ki ngā nekehanga maha o te forklift i ngā pito e rua. Ko te uauatanga tāpiri ka hua ake he pikinga o ngā utu tiaki nā te kakahu o ngā reera me ngā anga whatanga.

He mea nui te haumaru mō ngā pūnaha e rua. Me kaha ake ngā tikanga haumaru mō ngā ara taraiwa-ki-roto, nā te mea ka whakamahia e ngā taraiwa ngā forklift i roto i ngā wāhi whaiti, kua kati. Tērā pea ka iti te tirohanga, ka piki ake te mōrearea o ngā tukinga, ngā aituā rānei. He mea nui ngā mahi tiaki pēnei i ngā ārai kokonga, ngā pou tiaki whatanga, me ngā here tere kua whakahaeretia.

Mā te whakatakoto whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto ka whakaitihia ētahi o ēnei tūponotanga mā te whakarato i ngā pūwāhi urunga tuwhera, engari me ngā ara e rua, tera pea ka puta he wero whakahaere waka me aro atu mā roto i ngā tohu, ngā tohu papa, ngā pūnaha whakahaere waka rānei hei ārai i ngā aituā.

Hei whakamutunga, me whakataurite ngā whakataunga utu i ngā whakapaunga tāutanga me te haumaru whakahaere tonu, te whai huatanga, me te tiaki. Mā te whakaaro ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o ō mahi whare putunga ka ārahi koe ki te otinga whatanga e whai hua ake ana i te taha ōhanga me te haumaru ake.

Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao me te Whakaurunga Hangarau

I te whanaketanga o te umanga whare putunga me te whakahaere taonga, kei te hurihia te mahi a ngā pūnaha whatanga tuku iho pērā i te taraiwa-mai me te taraiwa-mā roto. Kei te hurihia e ngā taputapu whakahaere rauemi aunoa, ngā karetao, me ngā pūmanawa whakahaere whare putunga whakarei ake te arotautanga rokiroki, te whai huatanga, me te haumaru.

Ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto me te taraiwa-roto kia hototahi ki ngā waka ārahi aunoa (AGV) me ngā forklift karetao. Heoi, ko te hoahoa ā-tinana o ēnei whatanga ka pā ki te ngāwari o te whakatinanatanga o te aunoatanga. Ko ngā pūnaha taraiwa-roto, me ō rātou ara whaiti, me whaiti, me whai pūnaha whakatere karetao tino tika ka taea te mahi i roto i ngā wāhi kuiti, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he pūoko matatau me ngā hangarau mahere.

Mā te whatanga taraiwa-ā-roto, me ōna ara rua, ka ngāwari ake te tautoko i te aunoatanga. Ka taea e ngā AGV te whai i ngā ara tika ki roto, ki waho hoki, ka whakaiti i ngā taupatupatu waka pea, ka taea ai te neke haere tonu o ngā taonga. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakaurunga ki ngā pūoko atamai kua whakauruhia ki roto i ngā pou whatanga ka āwhina i te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te whatanga me te ārai i ngā pakaru hanganga i mua i te puta.

Mā ngā whanaketanga o te aroturuki i ngā taonga, pērā i te tohu RFID me te tātari raraunga wā-tūturu, ka tautoko i ēnei pūnaha ā-tinana mā te whakarato i te tirohanga pai ake ki ngā taumata taonga, ngā tauira nekehanga, me ngā hiahia whakakī anō. Ka whakatairangahia e tēnei te whakahaere i ngā taonga i te wā tika, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā āhuatanga o te nui rawa o ngā taonga, ka whakapai ake i te hua.

Ka pāngia hoki ngā kōwhiringa whatanga e ngā ia o te oranga tonutanga. Kei te whakawhanake ngā kaihanga i ngā rauemi hoa-taiao me ngā hoahoa whatanga tauwehe ka taea te whakarerekē i te hurihanga o ngā hiahia o te whare putunga, ka whakaiti i te para me te whakaroa i ngā huringa ora o ngā taputapu.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te heke mai o ngā whatanga whare putunga kei roto i te whakakotahi i ngā otinga kiato-nui tuku iho pērā i te taraiwa-ki-roto me te taraiwa-mā roto me ngā hangarau hou e āhei ai ngā mahi atamai ake, haumaru ake, me te whai hua ake.

Hei whakamutunga, he pai ngā otinga mō ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto me ngā pūnaha whatanga taraiwa-roto hei whakanui ake i te wāhi putunga me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te rokiroki. Ko te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha tika ko te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o tō rarangi taonga, ngā rerenga mahi, ngā herenga wāhi, me ngā whakaaro utu. He pai te whatanga taraiwa-roto i ngā tono e tino hira ana te whakanui ake i te kiato rokiroki me te whakaiti i te wāhi ara, ā, ka taea te matapae i te huringa o ngā taonga. I tētahi atu taha, ka whakaratohia e ngā whatanga taraiwa-roto ngā painga o te rere o ngā taonga FIFO me te urunga ngāwari ake me te iti ake o te kiato engari he pai ake te ngāwari o te mahi.

Mā te arotake i ngā hiahia o nāianei me ngā hiahia ā muri ake nei o tō whare putunga, ngā kaupapa matua whakahaere, me ngā mahere whakamahi hangarau, ka taea e koe te whakatinana i tētahi otinga whatanga e whakarei ake ana i te hua, te haumaru, me te hua. I te mea kei te tipu haere tonu ngā tono whare putunga me te whanake haere tonu, mā te hono i tō hanganga rokiroki tinana me ngā hangarau whakahaere me te aunoatanga matatau ka roa te ora me te urupare i roto i tētahi mākete whakataetae.